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Last amendment: > on 2026-09-17.
Base rate computed from analyst-asserted responds_to: edges in the reverse direction (target-country → issuer-country) for prior issuer-actions on the same target. Modal type + lag percentiles only — not a model output. Treat as a historical anchor for sizing counter-response scenarios, not a forecast in itself.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/4, adopted 17 December 2024 and published in OJ L 4 on 9 January 2025, converts the provisional anti-dumping duties imposed by CR 2024/1923 (July 2024, covering the same investigation AD703) into five-year definitive measures. The specific duty rates replace the provisional ad-valorem range of 14.4%–39.7%:
| Chinese exporter | Definitive duty (€/kg) | Dumping margin |
|---|---|---|
| Lomon Billions Group | €0.74/kg | 32.3% |
| Anhui Jinhe Star (Gold Star) | €0.25/kg | 11.4% |
| Other cooperating producers | €0.64/kg | 28.4% |
| All non-cooperating / others | €0.74/kg | 32.3% |
Product scope: titanium dioxide in all forms, including titanium oxides or pigments/preparations based on TiO₂ containing at minimum 80% by weight TiO₂ (calculated on dry matter), all particle sizes, CAS RN 12065-65-5 and 13463-67-7, under CN codes 3206 11 00 and 3206 19 00 (also ex 2823 00 00 in some formulations). The measure applies for five years from entry into force (9 January 2025 → January 2030), subject to interim or expiry reviews.
TiO₂ is the dominant white pigment globally, consumed at ~7 Mt/year (EU ~1 Mt/year). It is a pervasive upstream input across paints and coatings (57% of use), plastics (22%), paper/packaging (13%), and inks/cosmetics (8%). China accounts for roughly 50–60% of global TiO₂ capacity through producers such as Lomon Billions Group and CNNC Hua Yuan Titanium, which expanded output significantly after 2018 with cost structures well below European producers (Chemours, Venator, Kronos, Tronox). The AD703 investigation was initiated in late 2022 following EU-producer complaints alleging injury from Chinese capacity overhang being offloaded into the EU market at dumped prices.
Annual EU TiO₂ imports from China are estimated at approximately €1bn equivalent. The shift to specific duties (€/kg) rather than ad-valorem protects against future price deflation strategies by Chinese exporters.
China filed WTO dispute DS636 in April 2025 challenging the measure under GATT Article VI and the Anti-Dumping Agreement, making this part of the broader 2025 EU–China WTO litigation cluster alongside DS632 (electric vehicles), DS629 (brandy), and DS626 (medical devices). PRC retaliation in the form of parallel trade investigations on EU exports remains a medium-term watch item.
This measure is structurally parallel to — but predates — the Indian DGTR final findings (February 2025) against TiO₂ from China, which cover the same product and Chinese exporters under a separate investigation initiated by Indian producers. See 2025-02-12-india-dgtr-titanium-dioxide-china-antidumping-final for the Indian cluster.