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This is a standard US Tariff Act of 1930 (as amended) countervailing duty proceeding. Following an August 2025 petition from domestic crystalline-silicon PV manufacturers, Commerce investigated whether producers/exporters in India, Indonesia, and Laos received countervailable subsidies from their respective governments (e.g. preferential financing, tax concessions, input subsidies, land/utility discounts) during the period of investigation (calendar or fiscal year 2024, varying slightly by country). Commerce preliminarily found affirmative subsidization in all three countries and directed CBP to begin collecting cash deposits at the calculated ad valorem rates on subject merchandise entered after publication.
Preliminary rates by country:
| Country | Preliminary CVD rate |
|---|---|
| India | 125.87% |
| Indonesia | 85.99%–143.30% (individual producers); 104.38% (all-others) |
| Laos | 80.67% (uniform) |
A parallel antidumping duty (AD) investigation covering the same merchandise and countries is running concurrently, with its own preliminary determinations following in April 2026 — meaning subject imports ultimately face combined AD+CVD cash-deposit rates, not just the CVD rates captured here. Final CVD determinations, and ITC injury determinations, are due later in 2026; rates can move (up or down) between preliminary and final stages.
This is the fourth major geography Commerce has targeted with crystalline-silicon PV trade remedies since 2022 (following the China-through-Southeast-Asia circumvention proceedings and the 2024 AD/CVD case on Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) — extending the same supply-chain logic to India, Indonesia, and Laos as Chinese-linked manufacturing capacity continued to relocate to lower-scrutiny jurisdictions.
sourced from India, Indonesia, and Laos sharply raise landed cost for any project still relying on those origins, pressuring near-term US utility-scale and C&I solar economics.
an effective closure of the US market at these rates unless they secure a lower individually-calculated rate or shift final assembly/inputs to a non-covered origin.
Chinese-linked PV manufacturing capacity moving to successive host countries one step ahead of US trade remedies (China → SE Asia four-country case → India/Indonesia/Laos). Watch for further relocation to origins not yet named in an active US CVD/AD proceeding.
and module manufacturing capacity additions.
materially to the combined cash-deposit burden, and by how much per country/producer?
producers qualify for a materially lower individually-calculated rate at the final stage?
export-linked duty drawback, Indonesian tax holidays) will also surface in other ongoing or future US trade-remedy cases against these countries?