Digital supply-chain resilience and ICT concentration oversight

Regulatory instruments targeting systemic concentration risk in digital infrastructure — cloud hyperscaler oversight, ICT third-party risk management mandates, and direct financial-supervisor authority over technology providers. Distinct from digital-sovereignty-data-localization (which is national data-residency and platform-access regulation) and from digital-services-tax-pillar1-alignment (which is fiscal). This theme captures the operational-resilience and supply-chain-oversight layer: regulators acquiring direct inspection powers over technology providers whose disruption could cascade across critical financial, energy, or communications infrastructure.