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Tit-for-tat restriction of public-procurement market access between the EU and China, running on a distinct legal track from the broader FSR/TIB dispute. Triggered by the EU's first-ever use of its International Procurement Instrument (IPI) on 20 June 2025 to exclude Chinese medical-device firms from EU tenders above EUR 5m; China's Ministry of Finance responded with Caiku [2025] No. 19, excluding EU firms (ex-China-invested subsidiaries) from Chinese medical-device procurement above CNY 45m and capping EU-import content for other bidders at 50%. Tracks further escalation or de-escalation in either direction.