Industrial Policy & Trade Monitor· 2673 actions· ✨ 90 recent

The Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council announced on April 28, 2026 that China will extend zero-tariff treatment (preferential tariff rate of 0%) to all 53 African countries with which it maintains diplomatic relations, effective May 1, 2026 through April 30, 2028. The measure adds 20 African non-LDC nations to the existing zero-tariff scheme already covering 33 African LDCs since December 2024, making China the first major economy to grant full-coverage zero-tariff access to all African diplomatic partners. Coverage extends to all tariff lines except out-of-quota products (where only in-quota rates move to zero); eSwatini is excluded as it maintains diplomatic relations with Taiwan rather than the PRC.

The Chongqing Municipal Government General Office issued Notice 渝府办发〔2026〕5号 on 2026-02-04, promulgating a "New Ten-Point Policy Supporting High-Quality Development of the Food and Agricultural Product Processing Industry," effective through 2028-12-31. The package includes up to CNY 200 million in funding for enterprises that establish national-level modern agricultural industrial parks or advantaged industrial clusters, directs 60%+ of fiscal steady-state assistance funds toward seven priority processing sub-sectors (grains/oils, meat/eggs/dairy, fruit/ vegetables/tea, leisure foods, condiments, hot-pot ingredients, Chinese medicinal materials), and subsidises new enterprise loans at up to 60% of the benchmark LPR (capped at CNY 2 million per enterprise), alongside a guarantee-fee cap of 0.6% for qualifying borrowers. Global Trade Alert flags the interest-subsidy component as the "Red" (most trade-distorting) intervention type.

The Fujian Provincial Development and Reform Commission issued Min Fagai Shuju [2026] No. 46, "Ten Measures to Strengthen the Cultivation of Digital-Economy Innovative Enterprises in Fujian Province," on 2026-01-30, implementing a national NDRC directive (Fagai Shuju [2025] No. 1154) at provincial level. The package bundles ten fiscal, financial, data-access and talent measures aimed at growing Fujian's roster of "unicorn" and "gazelle" digital enterprises from 89 (2020) to a targeted 500+ by 2027, with per-project subsidy caps ranging from RMB 500,000 up to RMB 10,000,000 across different tracks (trusted-data-space pilots, joint labs/tech-transfer platforms, digital-transformation demonstration projects capped at 30% of total project investment). The measure took effect on issuance and is in force through 2028-12-31 (GTA state-act revocation date).

China's Ministry of Finance, NDRC, People's Bank of China and National Financial Regulatory Administration jointly issued Cai Jin [2026] No. 2 on 2026-01-19, optimizing the central-fiscal interest-subsidy policy for equipment-renewal loans. The central government subsidizes 1.5 percentage points of loan principal interest on qualifying fixed-asset loans for equipment-renewal projects, capped at two years, and widens eligible sectors beyond traditional industrial/energy/transport/logistics categories to include construction, AI equipment, aerospace materials, agricultural facilities, cold-chain infrastructure and elderly-care equipment. It also folds bank-originated science-and-technology-innovation loans issued from 2026 (previously supported only via PBOC relending) into the fiscal interest-subsidy scope, and simplifies disbursement via a "pre-disbursement + settlement" mechanism across 26 participating banks. The policy runs through 2026-12-31, extendable.

China's Ministry of Finance, NDRC, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, People's Bank of China and National Financial Regulatory Administration jointly issued Cai Jin [2026] No. 4 on 2026-01-19, establishing a central-fiscal loan interest-subsidy scheme for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) operating in 14 designated industrial-chain and emerging-industry sectors. Eligible loans originated from 2026-01-01 receive a 1.5-percentage-point annual interest subsidy for up to two years, capped at RMB 50 million in principal per enterprise (maximum subsidy RMB 1.5 million per enterprise). The policy is tentatively set to run one year with a possible extension.

China's Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce, People's Bank of China and National Financial Regulatory Administration jointly issued Cai Jin [2026] No. 5 on 2026-01-19, optimizing the service-sector loan interest-subsidy policy first launched in August 2025 (Cai Jin [2025] No. 81). The notice extends the scheme through 2026-12-31, raises the per-entity eligible new-loan cap for 2026 to RMB 10 million (subsidy period capped at one year, annual subsidy rate of 1 percentage point, funded 90% by central and 10% by provincial finances), and widens covered sectors from the original eight (catering/accommodation, health, eldercare, childcare, domestic services, culture/entertainment, tourism, sports) to add digital, green and retail categories. It also expands the roster of handling banks to a longer list of state and joint-stock commercial banks.

The People's Bank of China announced on 2026-01-15 that it is widening the scope of its Carbon Emission Reduction Support Tool (碳减排支持工具) to cover energy-saving retrofits, green upgrades, and energy green low-carbon transformation projects with direct carbon-reduction effects. The tool operates on a quarterly basis, providing one-year relending funds to financial institutions at below-market rates against qualifying green loans they extend, with total annual operation volume capped at CNY 800 billion (approximately USD 115 billion). PBOC sets each quarter's operation volume based on monetary-policy needs and financial institutions' actual lending to the newly-widened set of supported project categories.

On 30 December 2025 the General Office of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government issued Hufubangui [2025] No. 20, a three-year action plan (1 January 2026 - 31 December 2028) to support the transformation and upgrading of advanced manufacturing. The plan sets quantitative targets — 100 new manufacturing enterprises with annual output above CNY 1 billion by 2028 (cumulative 600+), 500 new above-designated-size supply-chain enterprises, 100+ new national-level green factories, a robot density of 600 units per 10,000 workers, and 70%+ digital-equipment penetration — across next-generation electronics, intelligent connected new-energy vehicles, high-end equipment, advanced materials, green low-carbon and fashion consumer-goods industries, plus emerging bets on the low-altitude economy, commercial aerospace, embodied intelligence (robotics) and biomanufacturing. It is funded through tiered direct subsidies rather than tax relief: one-off R&D subsidies up to CNY 10 million, equipment/new-materials cost-share up to 30% of contract value (capped at CNY 20 million), technical- transformation loan/leasing interest support up to CNY 20 million cumulative, and 0.8-1.3% interest subsidies on component/material backup-inventory financing.

The Huadu District Government Office in Guangzhou (Guangdong Province) issued "Measures for Promoting High-Quality Development of New Energy and Intelligent Connected Vehicle Industries" (花府办规〔2025〕11号), effective upon issuance on 31 December 2025 for a two-year term. The package covers R&D-platform grants (up to RMB 100m per enterprise), model-promotion subsidies (up to RMB 50m per model), an L4+ autonomous-vehicle fleet-scale bonus (up to RMB 20m per enterprise), core-component investment rebates (1% of qualifying investment ≥RMB 50m, capped at RMB 300m), battery-production scale bonuses (up to RMB 60m for 5GWh+ output), at least RMB 200m for a "vehicle-road-cloud" integrated pilot zone (200+ autonomous vehicles, ~2,000 OBU retrofits), per-enterprise autonomous-fleet-operation subsidies (up to RMB 200m for qualifying passenger/cargo fleets), preferential industrial-land pricing (minimum 70% of benchmark rate), and facility-cost subsidies (up to RMB 150m/year for 3-5 years). It is a sub-provincial, district-level instrument implementing national NEV industrial-policy and the 2025-2026 Automobile Industry Stabilization and Growth Work Plan at the local level.

Shandong Province's provincial government General Office issued Notice 鲁政办字〔2025〕183号 on 26 December 2025 ("Notice on Several Measures for Fiscal Support of the Integrated Development of Education, Science and Technology, and Talent"), a package of 30 fiscal-support measures running through end-2028. The measures fund R&D grants (up to RMB 30 million for major academician-led projects), talent awards (up to RMB 5 million per person), university-enterprise collaboration funding (up to RMB 15 million/project), an R&D-spend rebate (up to RMB 5 million/year per firm), and a 40%-of-interest subsidy (capped at RMB 500,000 per loan) for bank loans financing technology-achievement commercialization, plus co-financed non-performing-loan risk compensation of up to 90% on those loans. Global Trade Alert logged the interest-payment-subsidy component as a separate intervention tagged with generic extractive-sector codes (coal, crude petroleum, uranium) that do not correspond to any sector language in the underlying notice — the actual measures are horizontal, applying across education, R&D and technology-commercialization activity rather than to any named industry.

On 25 December 2025 Shanghai's Huangpu District Science and Technology Commission and Investment Promotion Office jointly issued Huangkeweigui [2025] No. 3, "Several Measures of Huangpu District on Promoting Brain-Computer Interface Innovation and Transformation Services (Trial)" (informally the "BCI Service 10 Provisions"), effective 24 January 2026 and valid through 31 December 2027. The measures subsidize BCI core- technology R&D and district co-funding of national/municipal projects (up to CNY 2m, 1:1 district match), shared innovation-platform construction (up to 30% of investment, capped CNY 2m), registered medical-device commercialisation (up to 40% of R&D cost, capped CNY 5m/ year per entity), application-demonstration scenarios (up to 30% of investment, capped CNY 2m), enterprise-growth and unicorn/gazelle recognition rewards (CNY 20k-100k), industrial-park operator support (up to CNY 2m/year), equity-financing support (up to 10% of R&D cost, capped CNY 2m, for firms with ≥CNY 20m in equity funding), and international BCI conference/event sponsorship (up to 30%, capped CNY 500k).

On 25 December 2025 Shanghai's Huangpu District Science and Technology Commission and Investment Promotion Office jointly issued Huangkeweigui [2025] No. 2, "Several Measures on Focusing on Translational Medicine to Accelerate Industry-Medicine Integration Innovation and Development," effective 30 days after promulgation (4 February 2026 per Global Trade Alert tracking) and valid through 31 December 2027. The measures subsidize cell-and-gene therapy, mRNA, synthetic biology, regenerative medicine and digital-medicine R&D (up to CNY 2m/year per entity), platform/lab construction (up to 30% of investment, capped at CNY 2m), use of the district's translational-medicine national science facility (up to 50% of annual usage fee, capped at CNY 1m), and domestic Class 1 new-drug clinical trials (Phase I up to CNY 2m, Phase II up to CNY 5m, capped at CNY 50m/year per entity), plus annual support for biopharma industrial- park operators (up to CNY 2m/year).

The Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area (BDA, also known as Yizhuang) Management Committee issued Notice 京技管发〔2025〕33号 on 9 December 2025 ("Several Measures to Accelerate the Cultivation of the Future Energy Industry"), effective through 31 December 2028. The package subsidises R&D, shared technology platforms, industrialisation projects and demonstration deployment across new-type energy storage (solid-state batteries, supercapacitors, flow batteries), clean-energy generation (advanced wind, perovskite solar, hydrogen production/storage), low-carbon transition tech (CCUS, smart grid control) and fusion energy (magnetic and inertial confinement). R&D support runs up to 30% of annual enterprise R&D spend; demonstration-scenario procurement is subsidised up to 30% of cost capped at RMB 500,000 per project; first-of-kind product recognition pays up to RMB 150,000 per project per year. Global Trade Alert logged the underlying state act (95719) as a single "state aid, unspecified" intervention (151443).

On 24 November 2025, six Beijing municipal departments — the Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, Development and Reform Commission, Science and Technology Commission, Health Commission, Drug Administration and Medical Insurance Bureau — jointly issued Notice 京经信发〔2025〕50号 ("Several Measures to Promote High-Quality Development of the Beijing Medical Device Industry"), effective immediately through 31 December 2028. The 15-measure package subsidises the full medical-device value chain: early-stage innovation (up to RMB 1m per project), product approval/launch (up to RMB 2m per product, RMB 10m annual enterprise cap), industrial-park and public-service infrastructure construction (up to 50% of investment, capped at RMB 50m), supply-chain-resilience R&D for critical components/materials (up to 30% of investment, capped at RMB 30m), AI-diagnostic-model development (up to RMB 30m), smart-factory digitalisation (up to 30% of investment, capped at RMB 30m per project), and international regulatory approval/market entry (up to RMB 1m per product, RMB 3m annual cap; up to RMB 10m for introducing overseas products to China).

The Chongqing Municipal Government General Office issued Notice 渝府办发〔2025〕58号 on 2025-11-22, promulgating "Several Policy Measures to Promote High-Quality Development of the Low-Altitude Economy," effective immediately through 2027-12-31. The package comprises eight capped-percentage subsidy tracks covering low-altitude public-service procurement, logistics route operating subsidies (up to RMB 150,000 per route), demonstration projects (up to RMB 20 million), test-flight infrastructure (20% of investment, capped at RMB 5 million), manufacturing R&D and first-of-kind equipment support (up to 30% of receipts, capped at RMB 5 million), national innovation/manufacturing centres (up to RMB 20 million), ground-station infrastructure (20% of investment, capped at RMB 10 million), private-equity fund-manager incentives (1% of invested capital, capped at RMB 10 million cumulative), and AI-compute subsidies (20% of service cost, up to RMB 1 million/year). Global Trade Alert classifies all eight interventions as state aid with a "certainly harmful" (Red) rating.

The Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area (BDA, also known as Yizhuang) Management Committee issued Notice 京技管发〔2025〕25号 ("Several Measures to Accelerate the High-Quality Development of Industrial Finance"), effective 11 November 2025 through 31 December 2028. It renews and supersedes the prior version (京技管发〔2024〕33号, issued 24 December 2024) of the same "industrial finance 20 measures" (产业金融二十条) program. The package subsidises the district's finance-for-industry ecosystem: newly licensed financial institutions receive capital-scaled grants (e.g. RMB 5 million + 1% of paid-in capital for institutions with RMB 100-300 million in capital, rising in tiers to a cap of RMB 60 million for larger institutions); branch-office openings receive RMB 2-4 million one-off grants; venture-capital fund managers receive rewards of 2-4% of capital deployed (capped at RMB 500,000/project); leasing and factoring firms with RMB 500 million+ capital receive 0.5% landing bonuses (capped at RMB 25 million); and tech-credit "risk compensation funds" reimburse partner banks for small/micro-enterprise loan losses. State media reporting on the program's prior iteration cited a maximum single-policy-item award of RMB 80 million. Global Trade Alert logged the underlying state act (95362) as a single "state aid, unspecified" intervention (150867).

The General Office of the Fujian Provincial People's Government issued Min Zheng Ban [2025] No. 30, "Several Measures to Promote the Development of the Artificial Intelligence Industry and Empowerment Applications in Fujian Province," on 2025-11-04. The notice implements the national "AI+" initiative at provincial level via three quantified subsidy tracks: a talent-recruitment supplement of RMB 200,000/year per person for AI engineers registered on a provincial core-engineer roster; a compute subsidy covering up to 50% of annual cloud/compute-service spend (capped at RMB 500,000 per firm) for companies purchasing at least RMB 100,000 of computing services per year; and a one-time capital subsidy of up to 50% of build cost (capped at RMB 5,000,000) for qualifying AI innovation platforms. The measure is in force through 2028-12-31 (per GTA state-act revocation date) and is one of a wave of province- and city-level AI industrial-policy notices issued across China in late 2025.

The Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and the Zhongguancun Science Park Management Committee, jointly with two other municipal departments, issued "Several Measures on Supporting the Construction of the Beijing Future Digital Space Innovation Pilot Zone" on 2025-10-23 (publicly posted 2025-10-27). The "2+3+5" package of ten measures subsidizes frontier-technology demonstration scenarios (up to 30% of certified investment, capped at RMB 10,000,000), original game and digital-content production (RMB 300,000-2,000,000 per award-winning title), key laboratories (up to RMB 5,000,000/year operating funds plus rent discounts on up to 4,000 sqm, for up to 3 years), industry-chain innovation consortia (up to RMB 20,000,000/year, RMB 50,000,000 over 3 years), and incubators (up to RMB 20,000,000 over 3 years), alongside seed/angel/Series-A co-investment minimums via an industry fund. The pilot zone is anchored on the former Shougang steelworks north campus (core area) and the Jin'anqiao AI large-model industry cluster (innovation-coordination area), both in Beijing's Shijingshan district.

Five Tianhe District (Guangzhou) government bureaus jointly issued Notice 穗天发改规字〔2025〕3号 on 2025-10-16, promulgating "Several Policy Measures to Accelerate High-Quality Development of the Low-Altitude Economy and Aerospace in Tianhe District," effective 30 days after publication (2025-11-19) through 2027-12-31. The package caps district-scale subsidy tracks covering industrial-park and professional-building recognition (up to RMB 1 million per operator), core-technology R&D grants (up to RMB 1 million/year, scaled by enterprise revenue band), airworthiness-certification support (up to RMB 2 million per enterprise/year), low-altitude logistics and eVTOL route operating subsidies (up to RMB 3 million annual pools each), talent incentives (RMB 100,000/person/year, capped at a RMB 10 million pool), vocational training, and insurance support. Global Trade Alert classifies the measure as state aid with a "certainly harmful" (Red) rating.

China's Ministry of Transport (Water Transport Bureau, document 交办水〔2025〕59号), acting under the PRC International Maritime Transport Regulations, issued a measure on 10 October 2025 imposing escalating special port service fees on U.S.-linked vessels calling at Chinese ports from 14 October 2025. Fees apply at the first Chinese port of call per voyage to (i) U.S.-owned, (ii) U.S.-operated, (iii) ≥25% U.S.-equity, (iv) U.S.-flagged, or (v) U.S.-built vessels, charged per net ton on a stepped schedule (¥400/NT from 14 Oct 2025, ¥640/NT from 17 Apr 2026, ¥880/NT from 17 Apr 2027, ¥1,120/NT from 17 Apr 2028) and capped at five voyages per vessel per year. The measure is the first MOT-issued trade-remedy instrument in the IPTM register and the direct, named-target mirror response to USTR's 17 April 2025 Section 301 maritime Notice of Action. Both regimes were mutually suspended for one year from 10 November 2025 through 9 November 2026 following the 30 October 2025 Trump-Xi Busan meeting.

On 9 October 2025 the Shandong Provincial People's Government General Office issued Notice 鲁政办字〔2025〕129号, promulgating "Several Measures to Accelerate High-Quality Development of Shandong's Commercial Aerospace Industry," effective on issuance through 31 December 2027. The package targets three sub-sectors — launch vehicles, satellite manufacturing/applications, and aerospace supporting industries — with a province-wide goal of reaching an annual production capacity of 100 commercial rocket launches and 150 commercial satellites, and a commercial-aerospace industry scale of RMB 50 billion (500亿元), by 2027. Concrete subsidy instruments include a sea-launch insurance rebate (up to 35% of "launch insurance" and "third-party liability insurance" premiums, capped at RMB 3 million per project) for operators launching from the Yantai Dongfang Aerospace Port sea-launch platform, a bounty of up to RMB 1 million per product for satellite-application AI models that pass third-party evaluation, and a computing-power subsidy of up to 5% of contract value (capped at RMB 5 million per firm) for satellite applications that procure significant compute. The measures also direct Yantai to anchor sea-launch and integrated manufacturing, Jinan and Tai'an to build out rocket/satellite manufacturing and constellation operations, and Qingdao to specialise in satellite-application clusters and Belt-and-Road-facing services.

China's Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, General Administration of Customs, and State Administration for Market Regulation jointly issued Announcement No. 54 of 2025 on 26 September 2025, imposing export licence management on pure electric passenger vehicles (HS 8703801090, motor vehicles equipped solely with an electric drive motor and bearing a VIN), effective 1 January 2026. Only vehicle manufacturers and their authorised distributors may apply, and only for their own-brand output; eligibility criteria require Category I exporters to maintain more than 50 overseas after-sales service and maintenance outlets, a minimum 20% spare-parts inventory rate, and a maximum 48-hour maintenance response time in major export markets. The measure is framed by Beijing as shifting the NEV export sector "from scale expansion to quality first" and curbing non-compliant, low-accountability export practices.

The Beijing Economic-Technological Development Zone (BDA) Management Committee issued Jingjiguanfa [2025] No. 17, "Several Measures on Promoting the Innovative Development of Embodied Intelligent Robots in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Zone," on 2025-08-12, effective immediately and in force through 2028-08-31. The package subsidizes joint-lab R&D (up to 20% of project investment, capped at RMB 5,000,000 per lab), dataset development (up to RMB 2,000,000 per enterprise), an annual RMB 100,000,000 "data voucher" pool (10% purchase subsidy, capped at RMB 1,000,000 per entity), a robot development community grant (up to RMB 30,000,000 annually), application-scenario subsidies (20-30% of cost, capped at RMB 5,000,000 per project), and a humanoid-robot sales rebate (10% of revenue, capped at 1,000 units / RMB 10,000,000 annually per company). The zone targets ten-thousand-unit annual production capacity and 100+ embodied-AI enterprises by end-2027.

The Henan Provincial People's Government issued "Several Policy Measures to Support the Development of the AI Industry Ecosystem" (河南省支持人工智能 产业生态发展若干政策措施, Yuzheng [2025] No. 17) on 2025-08-04, effective for three years from issuance. The package establishes a RMB 3 billion (approx. USD 420 million) AI industry investment fund alongside a suite of per-project subsidies: up to RMB 1 million for enterprises passing national generative-AI model filing, an annual RMB 50 million compute-voucher pool (capped at RMB 1 million per recipient), up to RMB 1 million per high-quality training-corpus library, and RMB 2-10 million grants for benchmark application projects, industry-empowerment centres and national-level innovation platforms.

The Henan Provincial People's Government issued Yuzheng [2025] No. 18 (豫政〔2025〕18号), "Several Policy Measures to Support Enterprises in Reducing Costs and Increasing Efficiency" (河南省支持企业降本增效若干政策 措施), on 2025-08-04, effective on issuance. The package is a horizontal, cross-sector cost-reduction bundle spanning ten cost categories: R&D subsidies of up to 30% of investment (capped at RMB 5-20 million per project depending on program), equipment-renewal loan interest subsidies and technical-transformation grants (15-20% of investment, capped at RMB 5-10 million), labor-cost relief (unemployment-insurance rate held at 1%, workers'-comp rate cut 20%, unemployment-insurance stabilization rebates of 30-60% through end-2025), financing-cost relief (RMB 160 billion 2025 lending target to tech enterprises, up to RMB 4 million in start-up guarantee loans), logistics-cost relief (toll exemptions for hydrogen trucks and 30% toll discounts for electric trucks through 2025-12-31, RMB 10,000-140,000 scrap-and-renew subsidies for aging trucks), and import/export-cost relief (tariff and quick-approval facilitation for integrated-circuit and advanced-equipment imports, up to 70% subsidy on overseas certification costs).

On 31 July 2025 the General Office of the Guangdong Provincial Government issued Yue Ban Han [2025] No. 231, promulgating 21 policy measures across seven categories to accelerate commercial space development in the province through 2028 (published 19 August 2025; in force through 31 December 2028). The package funds satellite-constellation and ground-station buildout (10% capex subsidy, capped at RMB 2m per node and RMB 10m per firm annually), rocket/satellite equipment subsidies (up to 30% of unit sale price, capped at RMB 7-9m per set depending on catalog tier), up to 50% matching funds for qualifying national R&D programs, a 100% pre-tax R&D expense deduction, industrial-park investment rebates (up to 2% of new fixed-asset investment, paid to municipal governments), government procurement preference for demonstration applications, and dedicated investment funds and insurance-premium subsidies for launch and satellite-operator risk. It implements an earlier provincial action plan (2024-2028) and predates China's national CNSA commercial-space action plan (25 November 2025) by four months.

On 28 July 2025 the General Office of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government issued Hufubangui [2025] No. 6, the "Shanghai Embodied Intelligence Industry Development Implementation Plan" (上海市具身智能产业发展实施方案), a dedicated municipal state-aid package to build Shanghai into a global innovation hub for embodied intelligence (humanoid robotics / physical AI). The plan targets an industry scale of CNY 500 billion by 2027, alongside at least 20 core algorithm/technology breakthroughs, four or more high-quality incubators, and "100-100-100" targets for leading enterprises, applications and products. Support is disbursed as tiered direct subsidies capped at CNY 50 million (30% of project cost) for core-technology R&D, CNY 40 million per company per year for computing-power credits, CNY 20 million (50% of cost) for public-platform construction, CNY 10 million (20% of cost) for application-demonstration projects, CNY 5 million per company per year for language-corpus services, CNY 5 million (5% of contract value) for robot sales/rental incentives, CNY 5 million per open-source project, and CNY 1 million per leading enterprise for standards development. Target application sectors are logistics, industrial manufacturing, retail, healthcare/eldercare and domestic services.

On 23 July 2025 the General Office of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government issued Hufu Bangui [2025] No. 5, "Several Measures to Support Enterprises in Strengthening Basic Research and Enhancing New Momentum for High-Quality Development," effective 1 August 2025 through 31 July 2030. The measure tiers one-time subsidies of CNY 2m-10m/year to enterprises based on basic-research investment (CNY 10m-50m, 50m-100m, and 100m+ investment bands), reimburses 50% of shared scientific- equipment usage fees (capped CNY 1m/year), and grants a 100% tax deduction for corporate donations to basic research at nonprofits and universities, with integrated circuits, biomedicine and artificial intelligence named as priority participating industries.

The Beijing Economic-Technological Development Zone (BDA / Yizhuang) Management Committee issued Jingjiguanfa [2025] No. 15, "Several Measures on Promoting Quantum Technology and Industry Development in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Zone," on 2025-07-14, effective immediately and in force through 2027-12-31. The package spans ten support lines covering the full quantum stack (computing hardware/software, communications, sensing): up to RMB 2,000,000 one-off support for disruptive early-stage R&D projects, R&D-investment matching at 20% of an enterprise's prior-year R&D spend capped at RMB 5,000,000, 1:1 matching up to RMB 30,000,000 for enterprises undertaking state/municipal quantum research tasks, RMB 500,000 per product for new-technology/product certifications, up to RMB 100,000 per flagship application-demonstration project, up to RMB 30,000,000/year (three years max) for quantum-computing cloud platforms and compute centers, up to RMB 5,000,000/year (three years max) for operating industry-ecosystem platforms, rent subsidies up to RMB 1.5/sqm/day (max 2,000 sqm, three years), and talent, financing ("patient capital"/future-industry guidance fund), and international- cooperation support. The zone targets an internationally influential quantum industry cluster by 2027.

On 27 May 2025 the People's Government Office of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou (Zhejiang Province) issued Xiao Zhengbanfa [2025] No. 22, "Several Policies to Promote the High-Quality Development of the Integrated Circuit Industry," published 30 May 2025. The notice establishes a district-level subsidy stack covering EDA design, IC design, manufacturing, packaging and testing, and equipment/materials firms operating in Xiaoshan District. Headline instruments include R&D subsidies for enterprises investing over CNY 50m (with a lower CNY 10m tier) in key IC materials and core equipment with realized sales, a wafer tape-out subsidy capped at CNY 20m per enterprise per year, public innovation-platform purchase subsidies of up to CNY 500k, "chip-mould linkage" support up to CNY 3m, and talent-support measures including housing subsidies for IC industry personnel.

Shanghai's Development and Reform Commission, Economy and Informatization Commission, and Finance Bureau jointly issued the "Shanghai New-Type Power System Regulation Capacity Incentive Fund Management Measures" (沪发改规范 〔2025〕5号), establishing a five-year per-kilowatt-hour reward scheme for grid-scale energy storage projects that use advanced technology. Independent storage stations meeting technical-advancement and industry-catalysing criteria receive CNY 0.35/kWh (CNY 0.2/kWh for user-side storage), capped at 600 kWh of rewardable output per kW of installed capacity per year for three years, plus a one-time equipment bonus of 40% of the cost premium over conventional lithium-ion storage, capped at CNY 50 million per project. Incentive rates step down 10% annually from 2026-2028. The measure took effect 2025-06-01 and runs for five years.

On 30 April 2025 the General Office of the Guangdong Provincial People's Government issued Yue Fu Ban [2025] No. 11, "Several Measures of Guangdong Province to Further Stimulate Market Entity Vitality and Accelerate the Construction of a Modern Industrial System," effective immediately through 31 December 2027. The package subsidizes bank-loan interest for manufacturing and high-tech enterprises at up to 35% of the loan rate, capped at RMB 2 billion in total annual subsidy volume and RMB 20 million per enterprise per year, alongside an expansion of government-backed financing-guarantee coverage to over RMB 10 billion annually. It also funds foreign-invested R&D centers (up to RMB 1 million, or RMB 5 million for multinational global R&D centers) and offers headquarters-relocation bonuses of up to RMB 8 million, with priority given to semiconductors, AI, robotics, biotechnology, quantum technology, commercial aerospace, and new-energy vehicles.

On 23 April 2025 CMOC Group (HKG:3993) announced the acquisition of TSXV-listed Lumina Gold Corp — 100% owner of the Cangrejos (Los Cangrejos) gold-copper project in El Oro Province, southwestern Ecuador — via a court-sanctioned plan of arrangement at C$1.27/share (C$581M / ~USD 420M); the transaction closed on 24 June 2025 through a Singapore subsidiary, making Cangrejos Ecuador's largest primary gold deposit under full Chinese operational control. On 27 April 2026 CMOC's Ecuadorian subsidiary ODIN Mining del Ecuador signed a 26-year exploitation contract with Ecuador's Ministry of Energy and Mines committing >$1.7B in total investment (~$54M advance royalties, $34M paid on signing); commercial production is targeted for 2028 at ~11.5 t/yr gold (~370,000 oz/yr), making the state-projected total revenues $4.39B over the mine life. The acquisition extends CMOC's critical-mineral portfolio — anchored in DRC cobalt/copper — into Ecuadorian gold and copper, concentrating a globally significant undeveloped gold-copper deposit under Chinese operational control ahead of the competing 2026 Ecuador–US Critical Minerals Bilateral Framework.

Jiangsu's provincial Development and Reform Commission and Department of Finance jointly issued a notice on 2025-01-22 expanding the province's 2025 equipment-renewal and consumer trade-in support package under the national "ultra-long-term special treasury bond" program. For qualifying enterprise equipment-renewal bank loans — including transportation, logistics, energy, industrial and agricultural-machinery equipment — Jiangsu's provincial finance department layers an additional 1 percentage point of loan-interest subsidy on top of the 1.5-point central-fiscal subsidy already provided nationally, with a financing-guarantee subsidy covering 80% of guarantee fees (capped at 3 years) for small and micro enterprises accessing renewal loans through the province's "Equipment Guarantee" (设备担) scheme.

Shanghai-listed JCHX Mining Management Co., Ltd., through its wholly-owned overseas subsidiary Sundimo Mining Investments Ltd, acquired EMR Capital's 80% stake in Lubambe Copper Mines Ltd, an underground copper mine on Zambia's Copperbelt, in a transaction confirmed by the board of ZCCM Investments Holdings Plc (ZCCM-IH, the Zambian state mining-holding company holding the residual stake) around 10 July 2024. JCHX committed to invest approximately US$300 million into Lubambe to extend the mine's operating life. A follow-on agreement on 28 August 2024 saw ZCCM-IH acquire an additional 10% of Lubambe from JCHX for a nominal US$1, raising ZCCM-IH's holding from 20% to 30% and reducing JCHX's stake from 80% to 70%.

On 13 March 2024 the State Council issued the Action Plan on Promoting Large-Scale Equipment Renewal and Consumer Goods Trade-In as Guo Fa [2024] No. 7, distributed by NDRC alongside ten implementing ministries. Branded the "Two New" (两新) initiative, it is the flagship Xi/Li-era domestic-demand industrial-policy instrument structured around four action lines (equipment renewal, consumer-goods trade-in, recycling and circular utilisation, standards uplift) with twenty specific tasks and 2027 quantitative targets including ≥25% increase in equipment investment vs 2023 across industry, agriculture, construction, transport, education and healthcare. Funded by CNY 150bn of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds in 2024, expanded to CNY 300bn earmarked in 2025, the programme drove >CNY 1.3 trillion of consumer-goods trade-in transactions (autos, appliances, home furnishings, e-bikes) in its first year and is the central pillar of Beijing's response to the property-sector slowdown.

On 22 March 2024, MMG Limited (67%-owned by state-owned China Minmetals Corporation) completed its USD 1.875 billion acquisition of Cuprous Capital, parent company of the Khoemacau Copper Mine in Botswana's Kalahari Copperbelt, from Cupric Canyon Capital and other private shareholders. The deal was announced 22 November 2023 and is the largest overseas copper-mine acquisition by a Chinese company since 2018 and the largest Chinese investment in Botswana to date. Khoemacau has a mineral resource base of ~450 Mt at 1.4% copper grade, an initial 27-year mine life, and produces close to 60,000 t/yr of copper plus ~2 million oz/yr of silver.

On 23 October 2023 Manono Lithium SAS — a joint venture between Zijin Mining's overseas subsidiary Jinxiang Lithium Limited (~55% stake) and the DRC state-owned entity COMINIERE (~35-39%) — secured the exploration licence for the northeast block of the Manono Lithium Project (formerly disputed PR 13359-NE) after Congolese courts returned full title to COMINIERE, which then invited Zijin to jointly develop it. A mining licence was granted in September 2024, and Zijin commissioned initial lithium production at the site in June 2026, targeting approximately 120,000 t/yr LCE in 2026 and up to 270,000–320,000 t/yr at full capacity. Manono NE is now among the world's largest lithium mines under Chinese operational control, deepening China's existing hold over DRC critical-mineral output (CMOC cobalt/copper, CNMC/Sinohydro copper) and establishing the DRC as a top-tier lithium producer inside the Chinese supply-chain sphere.

On 26 July 2018 the Serbian government agreed to sell a 63% stake in RTB Bor — the state-owned copper mining complex in eastern Serbia — to Zijin Mining Group (HKG:2899) for approximately USD 350 million plus a committed investment of USD 1.26 billion over five years. The transaction closed on 24 September 2018 after Chinese MOFCOM and Serbian government approvals. RTB Bor operates the Bor open-pit copper mine and the Čukaru Peki underground mine. Under Zijin's management, combined annual copper output reached 296,000 tonnes in 2025, making Zijin the second-largest copper producer in Europe after KGHM (Poland). The complex also produces significant gold as a by-product. The acquisition was facilitated by the China-Serbia comprehensive strategic partnership and BRI connectivity framework. The Serbian government accepted Chinese investment at a discount to assessed asset value in exchange for committed capital expenditure in a region with limited Western private-sector appetite for brownfield copper. EU membership negotiations and EU state-aid rules complicated alternative European financing structures. Zijin financed the acquisition through a combination of corporate balance sheet and China Development Bank-syndicated loans. The Čukaru Peki mine, which was not included in the initial RTB Bor asset base, received a separate Zijin investment commitment exceeding USD 800 million.

On 9 May 2016 CMOC Group (China Molybdenum Co., HKG:3993 / SHA:603993) signed agreements to acquire Freeport-McMoRan's 56% stake in Tenke Fungurume Mining (TFM) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo for USD 2.65 billion, with additional financing from China Development Bank. A concurrent transaction acquired TF Holdings' 24% stake, bringing CMOC's total to 80% with Gécamines retaining 20%. The transaction closed on 16 November 2016 following regulatory approvals from the DRC Ministry of Mines, the US CFIUS (approved without conditions), and Chinese MOFCOM. Tenke Fungurume is the world's second-largest cobalt mine and fifth-largest copper mine, located in Lualaba Province. At the time of acquisition it produced approximately 16,000 tonnes of cobalt per year (hydroxide) and 180,000 tonnes of copper cathode, representing roughly 20% of global mined cobalt supply. CMOC subsequently expanded production to approximately 50,000 tonnes of cobalt per year by 2023-2024 through the Kisanfu (KFM) discovery development — bringing combined TFM+KFM output to ~115,000 tonnes of cobalt annually, or roughly 38% of DRC cobalt production and approximately 25% of global supply from a single operator. The acquisition was the largest Chinese overseas mining transaction of 2016 and established China's dominant structural position in the cobalt supply chain at the mine level — upstream of both DRC export controls (ARECOMS quota system, filed 2025-02-22) and Chinese processing/re-export controls on battery-grade cobalt compounds. CMOC is simultaneously the world's largest cobalt producer and an entity subject to Chinese government export licensing for the same materials — a concentration structure without precedent in critical minerals. The China Development Bank provided a $2.68 billion loan facility financing the majority of the acquisition, making this an explicit policy-bank-backed strategic asset purchase consistent with NDRC guidelines on overseas critical mineral investment priorities. Sinosure provided political-risk insurance cover on the DRC exposure.

On 26 November 2013 a Chinese consortium led by MMG Limited (HKG:1208, the listed mining arm of China MinMetals Corporation) agreed to acquire the Las Bambas copper project in Apurímac, Peru from Glencore PLC for USD 5.85 billion. The sale was completed on 7 April 2014. MMG holds 62.5% of the consortium; CITIC Metal holds 15%; Guoxin International holds 22.5%. All three are Chinese state-linked entities. Las Bambas is one of the world's largest copper deposits. Since commencing production in 2016 it has produced approximately 300,000-400,000 tonnes of copper concentrate per year, representing roughly 1-1.5% of global mined copper supply and approximately 10% of Peru's total copper exports. Peru is the world's second-largest copper producer (~10% global supply), so Las Bambas is a material share of the Andean copper complex. The acquisition was MOFCOM-directed: as a condition of approving the Glencore-Xstrata merger in 2013, China's Ministry of Commerce required Glencore to divest Las Bambas to a Chinese buyer within 12 months of merger completion. This is the definitive case of Chinese antitrust authority being used as an instrument of resource-acquisition policy — MOFCOM leveraged deal approval to transfer a world-class copper asset to Chinese state-linked ownership. Las Bambas has been the source of persistent community conflicts in Apurímac Province, with road blockades in 2022-2023 halting production for extended periods and bringing the Peru government into direct negotiation with MMG and local communities. China's policy-bank financing (CDB-backed) for the acquisition underpins the ongoing operation despite these disruptions.

In May 2011 Jinchuan Group, one of China's largest nickel and copper producers (Gansu Province, state-owned), agreed to acquire South African mining company Metorex Limited for ZAR 9.1 billion (approximately USD 1.36 billion), besting a competing bid from Vale. Metorex's principal asset was a 77% stake in Kinsenda Copper Company (DRC), operator of the Kinsenda underground copper mine in Katanga Province — at the time one of the world's highest-grade active underground copper mines, with ore grades of approximately 5.5% copper. The acquisition gave Jinchuan effective control of Kinsenda, adding high-grade DRC copper production to its existing Chinese and African operations. It was one of the first Chinese state-enterprise acquisitions of a JSE-listed mining company and established a template for Chinese SOE outbidding of Western and emerging-market competitors for African copper assets. The deal was financed by state-directed credit from China Development Bank and represents one of approximately 14 high-value mining transactions (each >$100M) in which Chinese policy-bank lending was deployed to secure copper and cobalt assets in the DRC-Zambia copper belt in the 2010-2015 period.