Industrial Policy & Trade Monitor· 2666 actions· ✨ 90 recent

On 29 January 2026, Brazil's Gecex executive committee (Câmara de Comércio Exterior) approved Resolução nº 847, published in the Diário Oficial da União on 30 January 2026, amending Annex IX of the base tariff-nomenclature resolution (Gecex nº 272/2021). The measure raises the import duty on "other polyesters, in liquid or paste forms" (NCM 3907.99.91) to 20%, effective 2 February 2026 through 1 February 2027, while carving out two polyester-amine and sulfonated-polyester sub-lines under the same NCM code at a reduced 12.6% rate for the same window. It also opens a 1,500-tonne tariff-rate quota at 12.6% for a specific styrene-butadiene block copolymer grade (NCM 3903.90.90, Ex 002), valid 3 February–16 October 2026. Global Trade Alert lists Belgium, China and Germany among the principal affected trading partners.

On 15 January 2026, Brazil's Gecex executive committee (Câmara de Comércio Exterior) published Resolução nº 845, amending Annex IX of the base tariff-nomenclature resolution (Gecex nº 272/2021) to temporarily raise import duties above the Mercosur Common External Tariff on eight NCM product lines. Affected products include sodium pyrophosphate and ammonium carbonate (17.5%), propylene glycol, expandable polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate (20%), sorbitol (20%, with a 12.6% carve-out for a specific food/pharma-grade aqueous solution), and wood screws (25%). The increases took effect 19 January 2026 and expire 18 January 2027, a one-year window functioning as a safeguard-style protection for domestic chemical, plastics and fastener producers.

On 31 December 2025 Mexico's Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER) published the Acuerdo setting the Reglas de Operación (operating rules) of the "Fertilizantes para el Bienestar" programme for fiscal year 2026 in the Diario Oficial de la Federación. The programme's budget rises to MXN 18.2 billion for 2026, up from MXN 17.5 billion in 2025 (+4%), and continues direct in-kind fertilizer distribution to small-scale producers of priority staple crops (corn, beans, rice) prioritizing women, Indigenous communities, and producers in the country's most marginalized rural municipalities. Global Trade Alert classifies the programme as carrying both a production-subsidy and a local-content-requirement component, effective 1 January through 31 December 2026.

Türkiye's Ministry of Trade published Tebliğ No. 2026/10 ("İthalatta Gözetim Uygulanmasına İlişkin Tebliğ") in the Official Gazette on 31 December 2025 (Sayı 33124, 4th mükerrer), entering into force 30 days later on 30 January 2026. It imposes a forward-looking import surveillance regime on filtering and purifying machinery and filters for liquids and gases: water filtration/purification machinery (GTİP 8421.21.00.00.00), oil and fuel filters for internal combustion engines (8421.23.00.00.00), and air-intake and other filtration equipment (8421.31.00.90.00, 8421.39.25.90.00). All four lines require a surveillance certificate ("gözetim belgesi") when the unit customs (CIF) value is below USD 10/kg, issued electronically by the Ministry's Import Directorate General before customs clearance. Global Trade Alert lists Austria, Belgium, and Bosnia & Herzegovina among the principally affected exporting countries.

Türkiye's Ministry of Trade published Tebliğ No. 2026/12 ("İthalatta Gözetim Uygulanmasına İlişkin Tebliğ") in the Official Gazette on 31 December 2025 (Sayı 33124, 4th mükerrer), entering into force 30 days later on 30 January 2026. It imposes a forward-looking import surveillance regime on escalators and moving walkways: imports priced at or above a Ministry-set reference unit customs value require a surveillance certificate ("gözetim belgesi") issued electronically by the Ministry's Import Directorate General before customs clearance — the inverse-direction (price-ceiling) variant of the reference-price template used elsewhere in the same package. Global Trade Alert logs the measure as a discrete "certainly harmful" import-licensing intervention (MAST Chapter E: non-automatic licensing) covering inward flows from all origins, naming China among the affected exporting countries alongside Australia and Austria; the exact GTİP line and USD/unit threshold are not publicly disclosed.

Türkiye's Ministry of Trade published Tebliğ No. 2026/15 ("İthalatta Gözetim Uygulanmasına İlişkin Tebliğ") in the Official Gazette on 31 December 2025 (Sayı 33124, 4th mükerrer), entering into force 30 January 2026 (30 days after publication). It imposes a forward-looking import surveillance regime on motor vehicle safety glass — windscreens, rear windows and other automotive safety glazing under GTİP 8708.22. Whenever the declared unit customs value falls below the Ministry-set reference floor of USD 6.5/kg (gross weight), import is only permitted with a surveillance certificate ("gözetim belgesi") issued electronically by the Ministry's Import Directorate General, which customs requires at declaration registration. Global Trade Alert lists Belgium, China and Czechia as the principally affected exporting countries.

Türkiye's Ministry of Trade published Tebliğ No. 2026/6 ("İthalatta Gözetim Uygulanmasına İlişkin Tebliğ") in the Official Gazette on 31 December 2025 (Sayı 33124, 4th mükerrer), entering into force 30 January 2026 (30 days after publication). It imposes a forward-looking import surveillance regime on vehicle suspension leaf springs (HS 7320 — springs and leaves for springs, of iron or steel; specifically heading 7320.10). Whenever the declared unit customs value falls below a Ministry-set reference price floor, import is only permitted with a surveillance certificate ("gözetim belgesi") issued electronically by the Ministry's Import Directorate General, referenced at customs declaration. Global Trade Alert lists Belgium, China and Germany as the principally affected exporting countries.

The European Commission approved a EUR 61 million Belgian state rescue loan to Lineas Group, Europe's largest private rail-freight operator, to cover short-term liquidity needs. The Commission cleared the loan under Article 107(3)(c) TFEU and the EU Guidelines on Rescue and Restructuring Aid (case SA.120185), citing an unexpected slowdown in industrial demand for rail freight in the European steel, automotive and chemical sectors. Belgium has committed to submit a restructuring plan if the loan is not repaid within six months. In a related decision (case SA.101469) the Commission found that two earlier 2023-2024 capital injections into Lineas by the Belgian sovereign fund SFPIM alongside private co-investor Argos Wityu were made on market terms and do not constitute state aid.

The European Investment Bank announced a EUR 450 million loan on 4 December 2025 to ORES, the Walloon electricity and gas distribution operator, to finance its 2025-2027 network investment programme across five Walloon provinces (Hainaut, Namur, Walloon Brabant, Luxembourg, Liège). Funds cover new substations, overhead-line replacement, underground-cable reinforcement, smart-meter deployment, and network automation to support renewable-generation connection and e-mobility uptake. The loan is drawn down over two years and repaid over a maximum 20-year term at fixed or variable rates; it is EIB's second loan to ORES, following a EUR 550 million financing signed in 2018, bringing cumulative EIB support for Walloon distribution-grid modernisation to EUR 1 billion.

India's Ministry of Defence signed a Rs 2,095.70 crore (~$236.4m) contract with state-owned Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) for INVAR laser-guided anti-tank missiles to arm the Indian Army's T-90 tank fleet, procured under the 'Buy (Indian)' category which mandates domestic-content/localisation thresholds rather than open international tender. Global Trade Alert logs the measure as a "public procurement localisation" intervention that displaces potential foreign suppliers (tracked as Belgium, Israel and Italy) from competing for the contract. The deal is framed by MoD as an Aatmanirbharta (self-reliance) milestone, with BDL having progressively localised guidance and propulsion subsystems originally licensed from Russian technology.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 811 on 23 October 2025, published in the Diário Oficial da União on 24 October 2025, revoking six "Ex-tarifário" temporary import-duty-reduction concessions — five under the capital-goods Ex-tarifário regime (GECEX Resolution 322/2022) and one under the IT/telecommunications-equipment regime (GECEX Resolution 323/2022). The revocation takes effect 60 days after publication (24 December 2025), after which imports under the affected NCM/Ex lines revert to the standard Mercosur Common External Tariff rate rather than the reduced Ex-tarifário rate. Global Trade Alert flags Austria, Belgium and Canada as affected trading partners and classifies the measure as a "Red" (trade-restrictive) import-tariff intervention.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 808 on 23 October 2025, published in the Diário Oficial da União on 24 October 2025, amending Annex I of the base Ex-Tarifário capital-goods regime (GECEX Resolution 322/2022) and the Single Annex of GECEX Resolution 780/2025. The resolution grants new temporary duty exemptions on 3 capital-goods products while removing exemptions on 437 products across 149 six-digit NCM tariff headings, reverting the latter to Brazil's standard Mercosur Common External Tariff (TEC) rate. The change took effect 31 October 2025. Global Trade Alert classifies the measure as a "Red" (trade-restrictive) import-tariff intervention given the net effect is duty relief withdrawn on a much larger set of lines than it grants.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 809 on 23 October 2025, published in the Diário Oficial da União on 24 October 2025, amending Annex I of the base IT and telecommunications-goods Ex-Tarifário regime (GECEX Resolution 323/2022) and the Single Annex of GECEX Resolution 781/2025. The resolution moves NCM tariff lines between the two annexes: items excluded from Annex I revert to Brazil's standard Mercosur Common External Tariff (TEC) rate, while items added to the 781/2025 Single Annex retain the reduced 0% Ex-tarifário rate. Global Trade Alert's intervention-level coding splits the rebalancing into a liberalising leg (116 products losing duty) and a restrictive leg (103 products across 26 six-digit NCM headings reverting to standard duty), while a Brazilian legal database separately estimates roughly 139 total Annex I line items affected (NCM range 8443.32.99– 9032.90.99), plus one item (NCM 8543.70.99, Ex 375, digital audio mixers) with updated technical specifications. The change took effect 31 October 2025, seven days after publication.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 794 on 25 September 2025, published in the Diário Oficial da União on 26 September 2025, revoking Ex-Tarifário duty exemptions on six specific tariff-line items spanning three prior ex-tarifário annexes: one Information Technology/Telecommunications line (NCM 9032.89.82, Ex 043, under Resolução Gecex 323/2022), and five Capital Goods lines covering mining-boring machinery (NCM 8430.41.20, Ex 015/025/050, under Resolução Gecex 311/2022), machine-tools for stone/ceramics working (NCM 8464.10.00, Ex 059), industrial washing/cleaning machinery parts (NCM 8450.90.10, Ex 029/032/033) and refrigeration-equipment parts (NCM 8418.99.00, Ex 048) (all under Resolução Gecex 322/2022). The affected lines revert from the reduced Ex-Tarifário rate (typically 0%) to Brazil's standard Mercosur Common External Tariff (TEC) rate, effective 60 days after publication (25 November 2025) — the date Global Trade Alert records as implementation.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 795 on 25 September 2025, published in the Diário Oficial da União on 26 September 2025, amending the "Lista de Autopeças Não Produzidas" (List of Non-Produced Auto Parts) under the Regime de Autopeças Não Produzidas established by Resolução Gecex nº 284/2021. The resolution removes two tariff-line exemptions (NCM 8501.53.10 Ex 017 and NCM 8507.60.00 Ex 042) and adds 78 new Ex-Tarifário lines covering hybrid/EV electric motors, lithium-ion battery-system components, ARLA32 supply systems, suspension and steering parts, transmission/differential components, electronic control units (ECUs), and body/structural panels — items for which Brazil certifies no equivalent domestic production exists, qualifying them for reduced import-duty treatment. Effective seven days after publication (3 October 2025), the newly added lines carry a defined two-year validity window through 30 September 2027 — the first time GECEX has attached a sunset date to auto-parts Ex-Tarifário grants, a procedural tightening relative to the open-ended grants issued under prior resolutions in this series.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 783 on 28 August 2025, published in the Diário Oficial da União on 29 August 2025, amending the "Lista de Autopeças Não Produzidas" (List of Non-Produced Auto Parts) under Resolução Gecex/Camex nº 284/2021. The resolution removed 59 tariff-line exemptions across 33 six-digit NCM subheadings (largely rubber-based auto components such as tyres, tubes, and other rubber semi-manufactures) from the Ex-Tarifário reduced-duty regime, reverting those lines to Brazil's standard Mercosur Common External Tariff rate. In the same instrument GECEX separately added 533 products across 122 subheadings to the reduced-duty list; this filing covers only the duty-increasing revocation component, which Global Trade Alert classifies as a "Red" (trade-restrictive) intervention. The resolution took effect seven days after publication (5 September 2025).

The European Investment Bank (EIB) signed a EUR 250 million financing package with Nexans SA on 31 July 2025 (project reference 20240854, "Nexans Recycling and Electrification Investment"; publicly announced 22 September 2025), against a total project cost of approximately EUR 382 million. The loan backs Nexans' 2024-2029 research, development and innovation programme for high-, medium- and low-voltage power cables, plus copper-recycling and manufacturing-capacity investments across France, Belgium, Sweden and Norway. The financing is structured as a EUR 190 million tranche carrying an InvestEU guarantee and a EUR 60 million second tranche.

Türkiye's Ministry of Trade published İthalatta Gözetim Uygulanmasına İlişkin Tebliğ (No: 2025/4) in Resmî Gazete on 31 July 2025, adding ice-making machines (GTİP 8418.69.00.99.12) to the country's import surveillance mechanism. Imports whose unit customs (CIF) value is below USD 16 per kilogram gross weight require a six-month "gözetim belgesi" (supervision certificate) from the Imports General Directorate before customs clearance; the measure entered into force on 30 August 2025, thirty days after publication. Global Trade Alert logs the intervention as "certainly harmful" and names Belgium, Canada and China among the principal exporters affected. The mechanism does not block imports outright but adds a licensing/documentation step that functions as a de facto minimum-price floor on cheap ice-maker imports, protecting domestic appliance assemblers from underpriced units clearing customs undetected.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 768, dated 25 July 2025 and published in the Diário Oficial da União on 28 July 2025, amending the single annex of Resolução Gecex nº 311/2022 — the Ex-Tarifário regime that grants temporary reduced (typically 0%) import-duty rates on trucks, trailers/semi-trailers, motorised chassis, bodies/cabins, road tractors, and agricultural/self-propelled road machinery tariff lines for which no equivalent domestic production exists. The amendment took effect 4 August 2025. Global Trade Alert classifies the measure as a "Red" (trade-restrictive/discriminatory) import- tariff intervention, consistent with its treatment of GECEX's narrow, discretionary Ex-Tarifário product-line grants as favouring specific importers rather than liberalising trade economy-wide.

On 27 July 2025, President Trump and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen reached political agreement at Turnberry, Scotland, on a Framework Agreement on Reciprocal, Fair and Balanced Trade. The framework was formalised in a Joint Statement published on 21 August 2025 by the White House and DG TRADE. The deal establishes a 15% all-inclusive (MFN + Section 232) US tariff ceiling on the vast majority of EU originating goods — including autos, pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, lumber, and chemicals — replacing the threatened 20-30% reciprocal tariff trajectory under EO 14257 (April 2025). Steel and aluminium are excluded from the 15% ceiling and remain at the 50% Section 232 rate pending negotiation of a quota solution. In return, the EU commits to: (i) eliminate tariffs on all US industrial goods, (ii) preferential market access for a wide range of US agricultural and seafood products, (iii) suspension of its rebalancing countermeasures under Reg 2025/778 (suspension effective 7 August 2025), (iv) expected energy offtake of $750bn (LNG, oil, nuclear) through 2028, (v) at least $40bn in US AI chip purchases, and (vi) facilitation of $600bn in additional EU corporate investment into the US through 2028. Effective from 1 September 2025, the US applies MFN-only treatment (no 15% top-up) to: aircraft and parts, generic pharmaceuticals and ingredients, chemical precursors, cork, and certain unavailable natural resources. The framework is not legally binding but anchors the bilateral architecture; it is the largest-economy ART-programme deal alongside US-UK, US-Japan, US-Korea, US-Taiwan, and US-Indonesia.

Brazil's Câmara de Comércio Exterior executive committee (Gecex) approved Resolução nº 772, de 25 de julho de 2025, amending Annex IX of the base tariff-nomenclature resolution (Gecex nº 272/2021). The resolution extends a temporary import-duty increase on 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (NCM 2916.12.40), raising the rate from 0% to 10.8% ad valorem, valid 29 July 2025 through 28 July 2026. Belgium, China and Germany are GTA-flagged as the top historical suppliers of this product line to Brazil.

The European Commission approved a EUR 227.9 million (USD ~267.1 million) Innovation Fund grant for TotalEnergies Raffinerie Antwerpen N.V.'s "ARCaDe" (Antwerp Refinery Carbon capture and DeNOx) project, with the grant agreement signed on 22 July 2025. ARCaDe was one of six projects — spanning refinery decarbonisation, hydrogen, ocean energy, plastics recycling, and green heat — invited off the Innovation Fund 2023 general-call (IF23Call) reserve list after eight originally-selected projects withdrew from the March 2025 signing round; the six-project cohort was worth nearly EUR 319 million combined. The project targets carbon capture and NOx-reduction retrofits at TotalEnergies' Antwerp refinery, financed via the EU Emissions Trading System.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 745, dated 3 July 2025 and published in the Diário Oficial da União on 4 July 2025 (Edition 124, Section 1, page 38), amending Annex I of Resolução Gecex nº 322/2022 — the Ex-Tarifário regime granting temporary duty reductions (typically to 0%) on capital- goods tariff lines with no equivalent domestic production. Sources describe roughly 429 ex-tarifário grants processed under the amendment (a mix of new and republished duty-free codes), alongside a smaller set of exclusions/revocations from the annex; the duty-free grants carry a temporary revocation date of 31 December 2025. The amendment took effect 11 July 2025 (seven days after publication). Global Trade Alert classifies the measure as a "Red" (trade-restrictive/ discriminatory) import-tariff intervention, consistent with its treatment of GECEX's narrow, discretionary Ex-Tarifário product-line grants as favouring specific importers rather than liberalising trade economy-wide.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 746, dated 3 July 2025 and published in the Diário Oficial da União on 4 July 2025, amending Annex I of Resolução Gecex nº 323/2022 — the Ex-Tarifário regime for information-technology and telecommunications-goods tariff lines. The amendment excludes a set of existing duty-free Ex-Tarifário codes from the annex (reverting those lines to the standard MFN import duty) while including new codes granting temporary duty relief (typically to 0%) on lines with no equivalent domestic production; Global Trade Alert's tracking of the underlying state act counts 27 IT/telecom product lines affected in total, split between roughly 22 new/renewed duty-free grants (revoking 31 December 2025 absent renewal) and 5 exclusions reverting to standard duty. The amendment took effect 11 July 2025, seven days after publication. GTA classifies the measure "Red" (trade- restrictive/discriminatory), consistent with its treatment of GECEX's narrow, discretionary Ex-Tarifário product-line grants as favouring specific importers rather than liberalising trade economy- wide.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 750, dated 3 July 2025 and published in the Diário Oficial da União on 4 July 2025, amending the "Lista de Autopeças Não Produzidas" (List of Non-Produced Auto Parts) under Resolução Gecex/Camex nº 284/2021. The resolution excluded 532 tariff-line/ ex-number combinations from Annex I and 33 from Annex II — reverting those lines (concentrated in rubber-based auto components such as tyres, tubes, and other rubber semi-manufactures) to Brazil's standard Mercosur Common External Tariff rate — while adding 284 new duty-reduction-eligible codes across Annexes III and IV. The amendment took effect seven days after publication (11 July 2025). Global Trade Alert classifies the measure as a "Red" (trade- restrictive) import-tariff intervention on the basis of its net duty-increasing exclusions.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 726, signed 20 May 2025 and published in the Diário Oficial da União on 21 May 2025, amending the Annex I tariff schedule set by Resolution Gecex No. 322 (4 April 2022). The measure eliminates import duties (reducing to 0%) on 256 capital-goods items spanning 107 six-digit NCM tariff codes, and raises import duties on 9 capital-goods items across 9 six-digit NCM codes, for a combined 274 affected tariff lines. The changes took effect 28 May 2025, one week after publication. Global Trade Alert classifies the measure "Red" (trade-restrictive) overall and flags Austria, Belgium and Canada among the trading partners most exposed by historical trade volume in the affected pumps, compressors, industrial-oven and furnace, and lifting/handling equipment lines.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 730, signed 20 May 2025 and published in the Diário Oficial da União on 21 May 2025, removing 125 tariff-line codes from Ex-Tarifário (temporary import-duty exemption) coverage: 104 capital goods lines, 18 information-technology/telecommunications lines, and 3 automotive products classified as capital goods. The affected lines revert from preferential Ex-Tarifário rates to their standard MFN import duty, effective 20 July 2025, two months after publication. Global Trade Alert classifies the measure "Red" (trade-restrictive) and flags Austria, Belgium and Bulgaria among the trading partners most exposed by historical trade volume in the affected computing- machinery, special-purpose machinery and electric-motor lines.

President Trump signed Proclamation 10908 "Adjusting Imports of Automobiles and Automobile Parts Into the United States" on 26 March 2025, invoking Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to impose a 25% ad valorem tariff on imports of finished passenger vehicles and light trucks effective 12:01 a.m. EDT on 3 April 2025, with the duty extended to key automobile parts (engines and engine parts, transmissions and powertrain components, electrical components) effective 12:01 a.m. EDT on 3 May 2025. USMCA-origin automobiles receive an interim deduction equal to the value of US-origin content; USMCA-origin parts that satisfy the agreement's rules of origin are temporarily exempt from the parts duty pending a Commerce-administered process. The proclamation is the first Section 232 instrument applied to finished automobiles in US history and the largest-by-trade-volume Section 232 measure of the second Trump administration, covering roughly USD 460 billion of annual auto and auto-parts imports.

President Trump signed two Presidential Proclamations on 11 February 2025 reinstating a universal 25% ad-valorem tariff on all steel-mill products and raising the aluminum tariff from 10% to 25% on all imports into the United States, effective 12 March 2025. The proclamations revoked every bilateral exclusion and quota arrangement negotiated by the Biden administration with the EU, UK, Japan, Korea, Australia, and others under the 2021-2022 "alternative measures" frameworks, returning all trading partners to the baseline Section 232 rate without product-level or country-level carve-outs.

Belgium's Loi du 29 février 2024 (published in the Moniteur Belge on 27 May 2024, entering into force 1 June 2026) establishes the first comprehensive federal authorisation and traceability regime for pharmaceutical raw materials used by pharmacists in extemporaneous and magistral preparations. Manufacturers, importers, and distributors of covered materials must obtain AFMPS authorisation and comply with Good Manufacturing Practice and Good Distribution Practice standards; pharmacists may only source materials from authorised actors. The statute was enacted during Belgium's EU Council Presidency (H1 2024) and directly parallels the EU Critical Medicines Alliance architecture launched in Leuven on 24 April 2024, positioning Belgium as the first EU member state to operationalise a national supply-chain control layer for pharmaceutical compounding raw materials ahead of the forthcoming EU Critical Medicines Act.

The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) added 42 entities under 44 entries to the Entity List, effective December 7, 2023. The majority — 28 entities in Russia — are sanctioned for procuring or contracting on behalf of Russia's defense sector, including avionics, military-grade drones, and military electronics. Fourteen additional entities across Armenia, Belarus, Belgium, Cyprus, Germany, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands, China, and the UAE were added for operating diversion and transshipment networks that supply U.S.-origin items to Russian military end-users. All listed entities face a license requirement for all EAR-controlled items with a presumption of denial.

Belgium's first horizontal foreign-direct-investment screening regime, established by a Cooperation Agreement signed on 30 November 2022 between the Federal State and the Flemish, Walloon, Brussels-Capital and German-Community governments, and in force from 1 July 2023. The agreement creates a centralised Interfederal Screening Commission (ISC), chaired by the FPS Economy, to receive and process mandatory ex-ante notifications of foreign acquisitions of 10%, 25% or higher voting-rights / control thresholds (sector-dependent) in Belgian undertakings active in eleven strategic sectors. ISC decisions are binding; sanctions for failure to notify or for non-compliance with conditions imposed include unwinding of the transaction and administrative fines.