Industrial Policy & Trade Monitor· 2662 actions· ✨ 89 recent

Brazil's Secretariat of Foreign Trade (SECEX) opened a formal antidumping investigation via Circular nº 51 (3 July 2026, published Diário Oficial da União 6 July 2026) into imports of welded circular-section carbon-steel pipes for fluid conduction (outer diameter 14"-48", NCM 7305.11/12/19/31/39 and 7306.19/30) from China, following a petition by Confab Industrial S.A. (a Tenaris subsidiary). The dumping-evidence period runs July 2024-June 2025 and the injury-analysis period July 2020-June 2025. DECOM explicitly finds that market-economy conditions do not prevail in China's producing segment, citing state-owned-enterprise dominance, five-year plans and "China's decisive contribution to global steel overcapacity." No preliminary dumping margin is disclosed at this initiation stage.

On 23–24 June 2026 Brazil's GECEX published Resolução nº 920/2026 (23 June) and companion Resolução nº 923/2026 (24 June) in the Diário Oficial da União, extending for up to five years the definitive antidumping duty on imports of ceramic foam filters (filtros cerâmicos; NCM 6903.90.91 and 6903.90.99) originating in China. The extension follows a DECOM end-of-period (sunset) review initiated on a petition by domestic producer Foseco Industrial e Comercial Ltda, which found that dumping and material injury to the Brazilian industry would likely continue or recur if the measure lapsed. The two resolutions address the same product and case (nº 920 is the primary extension; nº 923 is the companion resolution covering scope/related-party aspects), and are treated here as a single filing.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber Executive Committee (GECEX/CAMEX) extended for up to five years the definitive antidumping duty on imports of glass used in refrigeration appliances ("vidros para refrigeradores" / cooling-appliance glass) originating from the People's Republic of China, publishing Resolução GECEX nº 921/2026 in the Diário Oficial da União on 23 June 2026. The extension follows a DECOM sunset review (revisão de final de período) that concluded dumping and material injury to the Brazilian domestic glass-for-appliances industry would likely continue or recur if the measure were allowed to lapse. The action re-prices a China→Brazil component flow into the domestic white-goods and refrigeration-appliance manufacturing chain.

On 4 June 2026 USTR published a formal Notice of Determination in the Federal Register (doc 2026-11158, docket USTR-2025-0043) concluding that Brazil's acts, policies, and practices in six areas — digital trade and electronic payment services, unfair preferential tariffs, anti-corruption enforcement, IP protection, ethanol market access, and illegal deforestation — are unreasonable and burden US commerce. Simultaneously, USTR proposed a 25% ad valorem tariff on all Brazilian-origin goods, subject to ~1,600 HTS subheading exclusions including approximately 430 civil-aircraft lines. A public hearing is scheduled for 6 July 2026 and USTR faces a statutory deadline of 15 July 2026 to finalise any responsive action; the tariff has not yet taken effect.

On 3 June 2026 Brazil's Câmara de Comércio Exterior (GECEX/CAMEX) published Resolução nº 907/2026 in the Diário Oficial da União (8 June 2026), applying a definitive anti-dumping duty for up to five years on imports of whole and skimmed milk powder (leite em pó integral e desnatado, não fracionado — NCM 0402.10.10, 0402.10.90, 0402.21.10, 0402.21.20, 0402.29.10, 0402.29.20) originating in Argentina and Uruguay. In the same resolution, GECEX immediately suspended the exigibility of those duties on public-interest grounds, pending the formal opening and conclusion of a public-interest evaluation procedure by Secex — making this a definitive-duty-recognised-but-unenforced measure. The investigation was initiated in December 2024 on petition by the Brazilian Agriculture and Livestock Confederation (CNA), with Argentina and Uruguay together supplying 86% of Brazil's powdered-milk imports (754 million litre-equivalents of a 1.02-billion-litre total in Jan–May 2026).

On June 2, 2026, USTR published final actionability findings in 60 parallel Section 301(b) investigations — the largest simultaneous Section 301 action in US history — determining that all 60 economies maintain unreasonable acts, policies, or practices by failing to impose or effectively enforce a prohibition on imports produced with forced labor. USTR proposed two additional duty rates: 10% on the 14 economies with partial forced-labor regimes (Canada, Ecuador, EU, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, Argentina, Bangladesh, Cambodia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Malaysia, Taiwan, UK) and 12.5% on the remaining 46 economies. Tariff rates remain proposed pending a July 7, 2026 public hearing and subsequent finalization; the actionability determination is final.

Brazil's GECEX (237th ordinary meeting, 28 May 2026) imposed definitive anti-dumping duties for up to five years on imports of textured polyester filament yarns (fios de poliéster texturizados) originating from China. The resolution simultaneously suspends the collection of the duty under a public-interest exception, opening a formal public-interest evaluation process; the duty is therefore on the books but not currently collected. The measure concludes a new investigation launched in July 2024 by DECOM at the request of Abrafas (Brazilian Association of Artificial and Synthetic Fibre Products), itself initiated because the predecessor measure (GECEX nº 385/2022) expired in August 2024 after its five-year term.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber Executive Committee (GECEX/CAMEX) published Resolução nº 892 on 7 May 2026 (DOU 8 May 2026), modifying the definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of metallic magnesium in crude forms (magnésio metálico em formas brutas, NCM 8104.11.00 and 8104.19.00) originating in China — originally imposed by Resolução GECEX nº 253 of 24 September 2021. The modification converts the duty collection mechanism to a specific tariff fixed in US dollars per kilogram (alíquota específica fixada em dólares estadunidenses por quilograma), based on Parecer SEI nº 258/2026/MDIC, and was deliberated at GECEX's 236th Ordinary Meeting on 30 April 2026. China accounts for approximately 85% of global primary magnesium production; magnesium is designated a critical material under both CRMA Annex I and the USGS Critical Minerals List, serving as an essential input to aluminium alloys for automotive and aerospace lightweighting and to steel desulphurisation. This resolution is a NEW action on the IPTM register — the original 2021 AD measure (GECEX nº 253) was not previously filed — capturing the current in-force duty alteration as the operative instrument.

Brazil enacted Lei 15.506 of 16 September 2026 (in force on publication, Art. 51), establishing the Política Nacional de Minerais Críticos e Estratégicos (PNMCE) — Brazil's first standalone critical-minerals sovereignty framework — and the Conselho Nacional para Industrialização de Minerais Críticos e Estratégicos (CIMCE). The law originated as Bill PL 2780/2024, approved by the Chamber of Deputies on May 6-7, 2026 (one day before the Lula-Trump White House meeting) and then by the Senate. It authorises the Union to create the Fundo Garantidor da Atividade Mineral (FGAM) with up to R$2bn (Art. 9) to guarantee critical-mineral projects, and a tax credit of up to 20% of spend on critical-mineral processing, transformation and urban mining. The Chamber-approved text (CMCE committee with prior-approval rights over takeovers and foreign participation, FGAM up to R$5bn, 0.3% gross-revenue R&D levy) was amended before enactment; see the 2026-09-16 amendment.

Brazil's Secretariat of Foreign Trade (SECEX) issued Circular nº 33 on 29 April 2026, confirming a preliminary affirmative determination of dumping and material injury to the Brazilian domestic industry in imports of hot-rolled stainless steel flat products (thickness 2–50.8 mm, coils and sheets, NCM 7219 and 7220 headings) from China, India and Indonesia. Preliminary dumping margins are 50.1% (China), 25.3% (Indonesia) and 17.9% (India). Despite the affirmative finding, DECOM exercised discretion not to impose provisional anti-dumping duties at this stage, citing case complexity, the three-origin scope and the volume of submitted information; the final determination is scheduled for 25 November 2026.

Presidential decree signed by President Claudia Sheinbaum and published in the evening edition of the Diario Oficial de la Federación on 23 April 2026, in force 24 April 2026. The decree amends the Tariff of the Ley de los Impuestos Generales de Importación y de Exportación (LIGIE/TIGIE) and the Decreto que establece diversos Programas de Promoción Sectorial (PROSEC), imposing MFN import duties at 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 30% or 35% ad valorem on 185 tariff fractions covering chemical products, cosmetics, paper and cardboard, textiles, steel, graphic arts, aluminum manufactures, auto parts, electrical material, bicycles, musical instruments, furniture, wind turbines, and trailers. Goods originating in countries with which Mexico has a free-trade agreement remain eligible for preferential treatment, so practical incidence falls on China and other non-FTA suppliers (Korea, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Brazil, Indonesia, Taiwan, UAE, South Africa). Paired PROSEC modifications add tariff fractions to Article 5 sections I, II.b and XIX (electrical, electronic, automotive and auto-parts industries) at exempt (EX) rates.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber Executive Committee (GECEX/CAMEX) imposed a five-year definitive antidumping duty on imports of ethanolamines (monoethanolamine and diethanolamine, NCM 2922.11.00 and 2922.12.00) originating from China, adopted at the 235th Ordinary GECEX meeting on 26 March 2026 and published in the Diário Oficial da União on 6 April 2026. Duty rates range from 23.6% (Sailboat Petrochemical, the sole cooperating exporter with an individual rate) to 97.3% (residual rate applying to all other Chinese exporters), protecting Oxiteno SA (Indorama Ventures subsidiary), the sole Brazilian producer, against material injury from dumped Chinese imports.

Brazil's Comitê-Executivo de Gestão da Câmara de Comércio Exterior (Gecex/Camex) approved Resolução Gecex Nº 876 on 13 April 2026 (DOU 14/04/2026), applying a definitive five-year antidumping duty on imports of polyethylene (PE) resins — NCM 3901.10.30, 3901.20.29, and 3901.40.00 — originating from the United States and Canada. The DECOM investigation, initiated on 14 November 2024 following a Braskem S.A. petition, found positive dumping margins and material injury to the domestic PE-resin industry; provisional duties were imposed under Resolução Gecex Nº 777 (28 August 2025) for six months. Gecex modulated the definitive rates to match provisional-period levels as a public-interest adjustment to limit additional cost pass-through to downstream packaging, agricultural-film, and container manufacturers.

On 20 March 2026, METI/MOFA (Japan) and the US Departments of State and Energy jointly published the "Japan–United States Critical Minerals Project Cooperation Joint Fact Sheet," identifying five specific upstream critical-mineral projects spanning four continents (Australia, Tanzania, Brazil, UAE, Namibia) to receive structured joint financing through JOGMEC equity and offtake instruments and US DFC/Ex-Im Bank facilities. The document operationalises the October 2025 US-Japan Critical Minerals Framework and the same-day Action Plan, converting policy-framework language into named project commitments covering nickel, lithium, battery-anode graphite, and heavy rare earths. It was released the day following the Takaichi–Trump summit on 19 March 2026 and follows the Critical Minerals Investment Ministerial convened in Tokyo on 14 March 2026.

Brazil's Secretariat of Foreign Trade (SECEX) opened a formal antidumping investigation via Circular nº 18 (12 March 2026) into imports of machined graphite electrodes (NCM 8545.11.00, diameter ≥ 350 mm) from China and India, following a petition by GrafTech Brasil Participações Ltda (subsidiary of NYSE-listed GrafTech International / EAF). DECOM's preliminary assessment found indicative dumping margins of 54.9% for Chinese-origin and 57.3% for Indian-origin electrodes. The investigation covers assembled and unassembled electrodes used in electric-arc-furnace steelmaking, ferroalloy smelting, and metal-oxide reduction. A definitive antidumping duty of up to five years may result if DECOM confirms material injury and issues a positive final determination.

On 1 May 2026 the trade pillar of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (the "Interim Trade Agreement", iTA) entered provisional application between the European Union and the four Mercosur states — Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay — following its publication in the EU Official Journal on 27 February 2026 alongside the broader EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA). The iTA covers goods (eliminating duties on more than 90% of bilateral trade over a transition period including immediate cuts on cars, pharmaceuticals, wine and olive oil), services, government procurement at federal and state level, intellectual property (344 EU geographical indications protected), SPS/TBT disciplines, and a sustainability chapter. Mercosur receives tariff-rate quotas on agri-food exports (beef, poultry, sugar, ethanol, honey). Provisional application proceeds pending full ratification of EMPA by the Council, European Parliament and all EU national parliaments and a pending CJEU opinion; only the trade pillar applies provisionally.

On 21 February 2026 in New Delhi, during the State Visit of Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, India and Brazil signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Field of Critical Minerals between India's Ministry of Mines and Brazil's Ministry of Mines and Energy. The MoU establishes a bilateral framework spanning the entire critical-minerals value chain — exploration, mining, processing, recycling, and refining — with explicit focus on rare-earth elements, lithium, nickel, cobalt, niobium, manganese, and other strategic minerals. It was issued alongside a broader Joint Statement targeting USD 30 billion in bilateral trade by 2030 and a ten-year strategic-partnership roadmap covering AI, defence, energy, agriculture, and digital transformation.

Brazil's Câmara de Comércio Exterior (Gecex) published Resolução 857 in the Diário Oficial da União on 23 February 2026, reducing definitive anti-dumping duties on non-oriented electrical steel (aço GNO, NCM 7225.19.00 and 7226.19.00) originating in China, South Korea, Chinese Taipei and Germany. The measure follows a public-interest evaluation (avaliação de interesse público) concluded by SECEX/DECOM, which found that applying the full investigation-recommended duty level would create steel supply shortfalls and net welfare losses of approximately US$2.19 million, given that sole domestic producer Aperam South America cannot meet total Brazilian demand. New specific duties — US$90/ton for major named Asian producers, US$132.50/ton for other Asian exporters, and US$166.32/ton for German producers — are set below the DECOM recommendation and remain in force for the remainder of the 5-year window established by Gecex 758 of 10 July 2025 (expiring ~July 2030).

President Trump signed Executive Order "Ending Certain Tariff Actions" on 20 February 2026 (Federal Register doc 2026-03832, published 25 February 2026), terminating the additional ad-valorem duties imposed under nine prior IEEPA-based executive orders. The order followed within hours of the US Supreme Court's 6-3 decision the same day in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, 607 U.S. ___ (2026), holding that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize the President to impose tariffs and vacating the Trump 2.0 IEEPA tariff regime. The EO directs CBP to cease collection "as soon as practicable"; CSMS guidance set the collection-end date at 12:00 a.m. eastern on 24 February 2026. The order explicitly preserves all underlying national-emergency declarations and all non-IEEPA trade actions — Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act, Section 301 of the Trade Act, Section 122 of the Trade Act, and Section 201 — so the Section 232 cascade and the paired Section 122 10% temporary surcharge (effective 24 Feb 2026) remain in force. This is the first SCOTUS-driven repeal of a presidential tariff regime in the modern era and recalibrates the entire post-2024 US tariff architecture by removing IEEPA as a legal pillar.

President Trump signed a Presidential Proclamation on 20 February 2026 invoking Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. § 2132) to impose a temporary 10% ad-valorem import surcharge on articles imported into the United States, effective 12:01 a.m. EST on 24 February 2026. The proclamation was issued within hours of the US Supreme Court's 20 February 2026 ruling in Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, which held that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not authorize the president to set tariffs and vacated the IEEPA-based reciprocal-tariff regime previously in effect. The Section 122 surcharge is statutorily limited to 150 days (terminates 24 July 2026 absent Congressional extension) and the statute caps any such surcharge at 15% ad valorem. Goods qualifying as USMCA originating from Canada or Mexico are exempt; CAFTA-DR textile/apparel articles meeting specified rules of origin are exempt; and a substantial product-exception list excludes critical minerals, energy products, certain pharmaceuticals, electronics, vehicles, aerospace products, specified agricultural goods, and goods already subject to Section 232 duties (the Section 122 duty does not stack on Section 232).

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber Executive Committee (GECEX/CAMEX) adopted Resolução GECEX nº 855 on 13 February 2026, imposing a five-year definitive antidumping duty on hypodermic needles (agulhas hipodérmicas) originating from China, classified under NCM tariff code 9018.32.19 (other tubular metal needles). The duty is collected as a specific tariff fixed in US dollars per thousand units, with rates ranging from USD 0.23 to USD 25.57/thousand units depending on the Chinese producer/exporter. The measure was published in the Diário Oficial da União (DOU Edição 32) on 18 February 2026, enters into force from publication, and marks the first medical-device trade-remedy action on the IPTM register. Scope exclusions cover insulin needles, biopsy needles, animal insemination needles, anesthesia needles, bulk non-sterile needles, and non-hypodermic needles.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber Executive Committee (GECEX/CAMEX) imposed a five-year definitive antidumping duty on imports of flat-rolled carbon steel products galvanized (by electrolytic or other process, except corrugated) or aluminium-coated — including aluminium-zinc and other metal-alloy coatings — originating in China, classified under fifteen NCM subheadings spanning 7210.30, 7210.49, 7210.61, 7210.69, 7212.20, 7212.30, 7225.91, 7225.92, 7225.99, and 7226.99. The resolution was adopted at GECEX's 234th ordinary meeting on 13 February 2026 and entered into force upon publication in the Diário Oficial da União (Edição 32) on 18 February 2026. Duties are applied as a specific tariff in USD per metric tonne, with individual rates for cooperating Chinese exporters and a residual rate for non-cooperating producers.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber Executive Committee (GECEX/CAMEX) adopted Resolução GECEX nº 854 on 12 February 2026, imposing a five-year definitive antidumping duty on cold-rolled flat carbon steel products originating from China, covering 14 NCM tariff headings under subheadings 7209.xx, 7211.xx, 7225.50.90, and 7226.92.00. The duty is collected as a specific tariff fixed in US dollars per metric tonne, following a Usiminas petition of 23 April 2024 alleging material injury to the domestic flat-steel industry from Chinese dumping. The measure was published in the Diário Oficial da União on 13 February 2026 (Edição 31, Seção 1, Pág. 5) and republished on 18 February 2026 (Edição 32) to correct errors in the Article 1 tariff table.

Brazil's national development bank BNDES approved BRL 148.5 million (~USD 27 million) in financing to Bioo Paraná Holding S.A. to build a biomethane production plant in Toledo, western Paraná. The credit is split between BRL 101.5 million from the Fundo Clima (National Climate Change Fund) and BRL 47.1 million from the Finem line, against a total planned project investment of BRL 196 million. The plant will produce 11 million cubic meters of biomethane per year plus organic-based fertilizer, avoiding an estimated 80,000 tonnes of CO2-equivalent annually, and is expected to generate 210 direct and indirect jobs during construction and 90 permanent positions.

Brazil's national development bank BNDES approved BRL 9.2 billion (~USD 1.7 billion) in project financing for EPR Iguaçu S.A., the concessionaire operating Lote 6 of the Rodovias Integradas do Paraná federal highway concession, to duplicate 462.4km and carry out improvement works across 662km of highways (BR-163, BR-277, PR-158, PR-180, PR-182, PR-280, PR-483) in western and southwestern Paraná, including two new urban bypasses and three bridges (Tancredo Neves, da Amizade, and a new Brazil-Paraguay crossing). The financing was structured as project finance limited recourse — BRL 8.6 billion via a BNDES-coordinated incentivized-debenture issuance (the largest of 2025) plus a BRL 605 million Finem loan — against a total EPR Iguaçu project cost of BRL 12.7 billion through 2034. BNDES President Aloizio Mercadante framed the project as the bank's second-largest-ever national highway financing (after the Rodovia Presidente Dutra) and cited improved export-corridor access to the Port of Paranaguá for Paraná and southern Mato Grosso do Sul agricultural output.

Brazil's federal innovation-financing agency FINEP (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos), under the MCTI/FNDCT umbrella, published a BRL 300 million (~USD 56.9 million) public call — "Finep Mais Inovação Brasil – Rodada 2 – Cadeias Agroindustriais Sustentáveis" — offering non-repayable economic-subsidy grants for private-sector research, development and innovation projects in sustainable and digital agro-industrial chains, covering food innovation, food and nutritional security, agricultural productivity, and technical textiles. Applicant companies must be Brazilian and may partner with Scientific, Technological and Innovation Institutions (ICTs). Proposals are accepted on a continuous-flow basis until 2026-09-30 18:00 (Brasília time), or earlier if the budget is exhausted.

On 6 February 2026 Brazil's Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) and the federal innovation-financing agency FINEP (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos) launched Round 2 of the "Mais Inovação Brasil" call for the defence sector, committing BRL 300 million (~USD 56.9 million) in non-reimbursable economic-subsidy funding. Companies may apply under two thematic lines — "National Defence Technologies" or "Economic Sustainability for the Defence Industrial Base (BID)" — for projects with high technical uncertainty aligned with strategic defence priorities, in exchange for a financial counterpart proportional to the grant received. Applications are accepted on a continuous-flow basis until 30 September 2026 (later extended to 2 October 2026) or until the budget is exhausted.

Brazil's federal innovation-financing agency FINEP (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos), under the MCTI/FNDCT umbrella, published a BRL 300 million (~USD 51.7 million) public call — "Finep Mais Inovação Brasil – Rodada 2 – Saúde" — offering non-repayable economic-subsidy grants for private-sector R&D of innovative products or processes for Brazil's health-industrial complex (pharmaceuticals, health-sector chemical inputs). A minimum BRL 90 million is reserved for projects based in the North, Northeast or Center-West regions. Proposal submission opened 2026-02-06 and runs through 2026-09-18.

Brazil's federal innovation-financing agency FINEP (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos), under the MCTI/FNDCT umbrella, published a BRL 500 million (~USD 94.8 million) public call — "Finep Mais Inovação Brasil – Rodada 2 – Transição Energética" — offering non-repayable economic-subsidy grants for private-sector research, development and innovation projects across eight energy-transition technology lines: low-carbon electricity generation, energy storage, low-carbon hydrogen, biofuels, biogas/biomethane, and carbon capture/storage/use. Applicant companies must partner with at least one Scientific, Technological and Innovation Institution (ICT). Proposal submission opened 2026-03-03 and runs continuously until 2026-08-31 17:00 (Brasília time).

Brazil's federal innovation-financing agency FINEP (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos), under the MCTI/FNDCT umbrella, published a BRL 215.2 million (~USD 40.8 million) public call — "Finep Mais Inovação Brasil – Transformação Mineral" — offering non-repayable economic-subsidy grants for private-sector research, development and innovation projects across five thematic lines: critical and strategic minerals for the energy transition, urban mining (recovery of high-value materials from e-waste, batteries, photovoltaic cells and wind-turbine magnets), rare-earth magnets, sustainable mining technologies, and decarbonization of mineral transformation. Applicant companies must partner with a Scientific, Technological and Innovation Institution (ICT). Proposal submission opened 2026-02-06 and, per the official call page, the deadline was later extended from 2026-08-31 to 2026-09-04 18:00 (Brasília time).

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 852, dated 4 February 2026 and published in the Diário Oficial da União on 5 February 2026, amending Annex VI of Resolução Gecex nº 272/2021 — the instrument that adapted Brazil's Common Mercosur Nomenclature (NCM) and Common External Tariff (TEC) to the 2022 Harmonized System revision. The measure realigns applied tariffs on roughly 1,249 NCM codes under the IT/telecom (LEBIT) and capital-goods (BK) special-tariff exception lists, per secondary reporting raising codes currently taxed below a 7.2% floor up to that rate, with other affected lines moving to higher bracket rates (reported figures include 12.6%, 20%, and other tiers depending on product). Aeronautical-sector products are explicitly excluded from the recomposition (Art. 2). Global Trade Alert classifies the measure as a "Red" (trade-restrictive) import tariff intervention.

Brazil's national development bank BNDES approved BRL 280 million (approx. USD 49m) in financing for WEG S.A. to renovate an existing plant and build new capacity for what BNDES describes as Brazil's largest and most modern battery energy-storage-system (BESS) factory, in Itajaí, Santa Catarina. The operation is the first contract under a joint BNDES/Finep public call for strategic-minerals and energy-transition industrial investment ("Mais Inovação"). Announced 4 February 2026; as of the announcement the financing was approved but not yet formally contracted, so this is filed as `stage: proposed` pending contracting.

Brazil's national development bank BNDES acquired BRL 375 million (~USD 64.6 million) of a BRL 750 million infrastructure-debenture offering by GNA II Geração de Energia SA, with asset manager Kinea acquiring the other half. The debentures — BNDES's first infrastructure- debenture structuring with the Gás Natural Açu (GNA) group — complement a BRL 3.93 billion BNDES loan approved in 2020 for the UTE GNA II combined-cycle gas thermal plant at Porto do Açu (São João da Barra, RJ), which entered commercial operation in May 2025 with 1,672.6 MW of installed capacity. Together with UTE GNA I, the complex forms Latin America's largest natural-gas power generation park.

On 29 January 2026, Brazil's Gecex executive committee (Câmara de Comércio Exterior) approved Resolução nº 847, published in the Diário Oficial da União on 30 January 2026, amending Annex IX of the base tariff-nomenclature resolution (Gecex nº 272/2021). The measure raises the import duty on "other polyesters, in liquid or paste forms" (NCM 3907.99.91) to 20%, effective 2 February 2026 through 1 February 2027, while carving out two polyester-amine and sulfonated-polyester sub-lines under the same NCM code at a reduced 12.6% rate for the same window. It also opens a 1,500-tonne tariff-rate quota at 12.6% for a specific styrene-butadiene block copolymer grade (NCM 3903.90.90, Ex 002), valid 3 February–16 October 2026. Global Trade Alert lists Belgium, China and Germany among the principal affected trading partners.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber Executive Committee (GECEX/CAMEX) imposed a five-year definitive antidumping duty on imports of pre-painted flat-rolled carbon steel products (coated on one or both faces with paint or varnish, supplied in coils, rolls or sheets; commonly called "aço pré-pintado") originating in China and India, classified under NCM codes 7210.70.10, 7210.70.20 (width ≥600 mm) and 7212.40.10, 7212.40.21, 7212.40.29 (width <600 mm). The measure was adopted at the 233rd extraordinary GECEX meeting on 30 January 2026 chaired by MDIC Minister Geraldo Alckmin and entered into force upon publication in the Diário Oficial da União (Edição 22, Seção 1, Pág. 1) on 2 February 2026. This is the first definitive AD imposition of 2026 in Brazil's accelerating defensive posture against Chinese and Indian steel overcapacity in downstream processed categories.

Brazil's Câmara de Comércio Exterior (Gecex) approved Resolução nº 848, de 29 de janeiro de 2026, amending Annexes IV (supply-shortage tariff reductions), V (Letec exceptions list) and VI (LEBIT/BK — IT/telecom and capital-goods exceptions list) of the base tariff-nomenclature resolution (Gecex nº 272/2021). The measure grants a new 0% duty-free tariff-rate quota of 2,500 tonnes/year for poly(oxyethylene) methallyl ether (HPEG, NCM 3907.29.92) through 26 November 2026; adds 0% duty treatment for an esketamine hydrochloride nasal-spray medicine (NCM 3004.90.39) and several pharmaceutical active ingredients including amprenavir and efavirenz (NCM 3004.90.78); and adds cellular base-station antennas (NCM 8517.71.20, 25,000-unit quota through 19 August 2026), diesel-electric locomotives (NCM 8602.10.00, through 25 February 2027) and panoramic maxillary X-ray equipment (NCM 9022.13.11, at a 12.6% rate) to the LEBIT/BK exceptions list. Most changes take effect 1 February 2026 (some 2 February 2026); Article 7 directs SECEX to publish complementary quota-allocation criteria.

On 26 January 2026 Vietnam's Ministry of Industry and Trade issued Circular No. 04/2026/TT-BCT, setting the 2026 in-quota tariff-rate quota (TRQ) for raw-tobacco imports (HS 2401) at 79,199 tonnes, a roughly 5% increase over the 2025 quota of 75,427 tonnes. The circular took effect 15 March 2026 and runs through 31 December 2026, with allocation administered via import licences under Decree No. 69/2018/NĐ-CP and Circular No. 12/2018/TT-BCT. The annual increase follows Vietnam's WTO tariff-rate-quota commitment schedule for raw tobacco rather than a discretionary policy shift.

Brazil's national development bank BNDES approved a BRL 1.981 billion (~USD 374 million) financing operation, drawn from the Merchant Marine Fund (Fundo da Marinha Mercante, FMM), for Bram Offshore Transportes Marítimos Ltda — a subsidiary of the US-headquartered Edison Chouest Offshore group and Brazil's largest offshore-support vessel operator. The loan funds the newbuild construction, by July 2028, of six diesel-electric hybrid PSV 5000-class support vessels at the Navship shipyard in Navegantes, Santa Catarina, chartered to Petrobras under 12-year contracts. The project is expected to create 620 direct shipyard jobs during construction and 190 direct operational jobs at Bram.

Brazil's national development bank BNDES approved a BRL 350 million (~USD 60 million) loan, drawn from the earmarked Fundo Clima (Climate Fund) concessional line, for rail freight operator Rumo S.A. to acquire six hybrid (diesel-electric) locomotives and at least 160 tank wagons. The equipment is dedicated to expanding biofuel logistics capacity — chiefly corn ethanol from the Center-West region — with BNDES and Rumo citing a 32% increase in annual biofuel-transport capacity (928,000 m³/year) versus 2024 volumes and an estimated 62,300 tonnes/year of CO2 reduction from the road-to-rail modal shift.

On 15 January 2026, Brazil's Gecex executive committee (Câmara de Comércio Exterior) published Resolução nº 845, amending Annex IX of the base tariff-nomenclature resolution (Gecex nº 272/2021) to temporarily raise import duties above the Mercosur Common External Tariff on eight NCM product lines. Affected products include sodium pyrophosphate and ammonium carbonate (17.5%), propylene glycol, expandable polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate (20%), sorbitol (20%, with a 12.6% carve-out for a specific food/pharma-grade aqueous solution), and wood screws (25%). The increases took effect 19 January 2026 and expire 18 January 2027, a one-year window functioning as a safeguard-style protection for domestic chemical, plastics and fastener producers.

Brazil's Câmara de Comércio Exterior (Gecex) approved Resolução nº 846, de 15 de janeiro de 2026, amending Annexes IV and V of the base tariff-nomenclature resolution (Gecex nº 272/2021) to modify import tariffs and tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) on 15 products, effective 21 January 2026. The resolution establishes ten new temporary duty-free TRQs for products including atrazine (NCM 2933.69.13, quota reduced) and liquid food preparations (NCM 2106.x), reduces the in-quota volume for two existing TRQ lines, and raises the import tariff on three chemical products — acetic acid, acrylonitrile, and a third L-series primary chemical — reverting them from preferential to standard Mercosur Common External Tariff (TEC) treatment. The measure is a routine periodic tariff-schedule maintenance action in the same recurring Gecex 272/2021 TRQ-housekeeping series as Resoluções 799/2025, 815/2025, 821/2025 and 844/2025, rather than a trade-remedy or policy-driven restriction.

Brazil's national development bank BNDES approved BRL 950 million (~USD 176 million) in financing on 12 January 2026 for Inpasa Agroindustrial S/A to build its sixth Brazilian biorefinery, in Luís Eduardo Magalhães, western Bahia. The package blends BRL 350 million from Fundo Clima (concessional climate fund) with BRL 600 million from the BNDES Finem line, which Global Trade Alert flags for local-content incentives. The plant will process up to 1 million tonnes of corn, sorghum and other grains a year, producing an estimated 498 million litres of ethanol, 248,900 tonnes of DDGS and 185 GWh of electricity, reaching full capacity from 2027.

On 9 January 2026 Brazil's Ministry of Mines and Energy published Portaria nº 891/2026, opening a 30-day public consultation (closed 8 February 2026) on the draft Plano Nacional de Mineração 2050 (PNM 2050) — the principal 24-year long-range planning instrument for the Brazilian mineral sector covering 2026–2050. The draft plan is structured around three foundational pillars: sustainability and social value in mining; responsible exploitation of mineral resources; and strategic governance. PNM 2050 is the second-generation successor to the PNM-2010 (2010–2030) and serves as the sector-strategy umbrella above the research-investment PlanGEO 2026-2035 and the critical-mineral-specific PNMCE framework, covering the full breadth of Brazil's mineral economy in the world's fourth-largest mining jurisdiction.

Brazil's national development bank BNDES approved a BRL 500 million (~USD 92 million) credit limit for Toyota do Brasil Ltda. on 5 January 2026 to support acquisition of high-value-added Industry 4.0 machinery, equipment and technological services for new hybrid flex-fuel vehicle projects at its Sorocaba (SP) operations. The financing is drawn under the BNDES Mais Inovação programme, which conditions support on expanding the bank's registered supplier base for nationally-sourced ("conteúdo nacional") innovative equipment, and will also help fund the recovery of Toyota's Porto Feliz (SP) plant, which was damaged by severe storms in September 2025.

Brazil's Câmara de Comércio Exterior (Gecex) approved Resolução nº 844, de 30 de dezembro de 2025, amending Annexes IV and V of the base tariff-nomenclature resolution (Gecex nº 272/2021) to modify import tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) and duties on 15 products, effective 1 January 2026. The resolution establishes new duty-free (0%) TRQs for 11 product categories — including nutritional supplements (30 metric tons/year), animal-feed additives, contact lenses (a combined 40.375 million units/year across two NCM headings), electrical cable connectors, and glass ampoules — while removing existing duty-free quota treatment for four products (a thermal-control polyethylene film, a rubber sanitary/contraceptive item under NCM 4014.10.00, an anhydrous sodium-compound chemical under NCM 2836.20.10, and one further excluded product), whose duty reverts from 0% to the standard Mercosur Common External Tariff (TEC) rate. The measure is a routine periodic tariff-schedule maintenance action rather than a trade-remedy or policy-driven restriction.

On 29 December 2025, Brazil's national development bank BNDES approved R$1.13 billion (~USD 205 million) in financing for Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) to modernise three industrial plants at the Usina Presidente Vargas in Volta Redonda (RJ). R$625.8 million comes through the Finem credit line for sintering-plant emissions-control upgrades (new electrostatic precipitators and bag filters) that partly reimburse investments CSN made since 2023 to satisfy a Term of Adjustment of Conduct (TAC) with Rio de Janeiro's state environmental agency (INEA). A further R$500 million comes through the BNDES Mais Inovação programme for innovative machinery, IT equipment and IoT technology services. BNDES states the financing "fortalece a cadeia produtiva nacional de equipamentos" (strengthens the national equipment supply chain), giving the operation a domestic-content-preference dimension alongside its environmental/innovation financing purpose.

Decree reforming various tariff fractions of the General Import and Export Duties Tariff (TIGIE), published in the Diario Oficial de la Federación on 29 December 2025 and in force 1 January 2026. The reform, approved by Congress as a statutory amendment to the LIGIE (Chamber of Deputies and Senate, Dec 2025) and signed by President Claudia Sheinbaum, raises MFN import duties to between 5% and 50% ad valorem on 1,463 tariff lines covering more than 20 chapters of the TIGIE, spanning automotive, auto parts, textiles, apparel, footwear, steel, aluminum, plastics, paper, leather, furniture, glass, toys, appliances and cosmetics. The increases apply only to goods originating in countries without a free trade agreement with Mexico — principally China, South Korea, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Brazil, Indonesia, Chinese Taipei, the UAE, and South Africa. The decree formalises at statutory level the September 2024 Sheinbaum executive order placing a 50% duty on finished passenger vehicles from non-FTA states and is framed by the Secretaría de Economía and SHCP as the operational tariff instrument of Plan México (2025-01-21).

Brazil's Câmara de Comércio Exterior (Gecex) approved Resolução nº 843, de 23 de dezembro de 2025, adding six glass and compressor products (across five NCM tariff lines) to Annex IX of the base tariff-nomenclature resolution (Gecex nº 272/2021) — the standing list of temporary import-tariff increases Brazil applies to individual NCM lines to counter import surges linked to trade imbalances from the international economic conjuncture. Annex IX additions carry the measure's tariff to Brazil's WTO-bound ceiling rate (35% for most non-capital-goods lines) for a fixed term; Global Trade Alert records this listing's validity as 26 December 2025 to 25 December 2026 (a 12-month term consistent with the mechanism's standard cycle). Global Trade Alert names Algeria, China and Czechia as the principal supplying countries affected.

Brazil's national development bank BNDES approved R$1.05 billion (~USD 179 million) in support for Eldorado Brasil Celulose (J&F group) to build an 86.7km private railway linking its Três Lagoas (MS) pulp mill to a terminal at Aparecida do Taboado (MS), feeding the Rondonópolis-Santos export corridor. R$1 billion is structured as BNDES's subscription of the first infrastructure debentures issued under Brazil's Law 14,801/2024, with a further R$50 million via the conventional Finem credit line. The financing reduces Eldorado's logistics costs and displaces an estimated 50,000 truck trips per year, indirectly reinforcing Brazil's cost advantage over competing pulp exporters such as Uruguay's UPM and Montes del Plata mills.

Brazil's national development bank BNDES approved BRL 2 billion (~USD 340 million) in support for Rumo S.A. via subscription of the full volume of debentures the company issued to fund the first 162km stage of the Ferrovia de Mato Grosso (FMT), a state railway linking Rondonópolis (MT) to a BR-070 grain terminal at Dom Aquino (MT) with capacity to move up to 10 million tonnes of grain per year. The stage is part of a planned ~743km, five-phase FMT network connecting Rondonópolis to Lucas do Rio Verde with a branch to Cuiabá, and follows two other 2025 BNDES-coordinated debenture issuances (BRL 4.8 billion raised across three issuances in 2025) financing Rumo's Mato Grosso and Malha Paulista rail investments.