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On 22 May 2026, DRC Minister of Mines Louis Watum Kabamba signed Arrêté ministériel N° 00305/CAB.MIN/MINES/01/2026, imposing an immediate and total three-month suspension of all mining activity (industrial, semi-industrial, and artisanal) in the Mwenga and Shabunda territories of South Kivu province. Grounds cited: illegal extraction, mineral fraud, and financing of armed groups through uncontrolled extraction revenues. The General Inspectorate of Mines was deployed on a special verification mission; the moratorium is set to expire approximately 22 August 2026.

The Central Bank of Sudan (CBOS) issued Circular No. 12/2026 and Circular No. 13/2026 on 14 May 2026, restructuring Sudan's gold export regime. Circular 12/2026 abolished restrictions on exporters' use of gold and commodity export earnings — permitting proceeds to fund any Ministry of Trade-authorised import via an "intermediate import account" (21-day utilisation window) — and formally terminated the CBOS monopoly on gold purchases, allowing registered private traders to export through official channels. Circular 13/2026 established a daily gold incentive price (international 24-karat benchmark minus USD 10 per troy ounce, converted to USD per gram), published through the XAR electronic system; commercial banks and export-clearing authorities must clear shipments at or above this price.

On 14 May 2026, following an on-site inspection of mining operations in Mpanda Municipality and Nsimbo District Council in Tanzania's Katavi Region, Minister for Minerals Hon. Anthony Mavunde ordered the immediate suspension of all mining activities along the Mtisi River after inspectors found severe environmental degradation, absence of environmental management plans and NEMC permits, and foreign nationals operating machinery directly — in violation of the Mining Act Cap. 123 (R.E. 2019), which restricts foreign parties under Technical Support Agreements (TSAs) to advisory and technical-support roles only. Mavunde simultaneously directed all Resident Mining Offices nationwide to conduct a review of every TSA between local small-scale miners and foreign investors to verify legal compliance and ensure that agreements genuinely benefit Tanzanian citizens. Three large exploration licences recently revoked (linked to the 15 April 2026 mass-revocation) are to be reallocated to small-scale miners in Katavi Region under the Mining for a Brighter Tomorrow (MBT) framework.

Prime Ministerial Decree No. 1440 of 2026 was published in Egypt's Official Gazette (Al-Waqa'i Al-Misriyya) on 6 May 2026 and entered into force on 7 May 2026. The decree amends the Executive Regulations of Mineral Resources Law No. 198 of 2014, replacing operative provisions previously governed by Prime Ministerial Decree No. 108 of 2020. Key changes include reducing the minimum government-equity floor for MRMIA participation in mining JVs from 25% to 10%, empowering MRMIA to incorporate or participate in specialised exploration and exploitation companies inside and outside Egypt, revising rental rates and royalty parameters, introducing a new laboratory-licensing regime, and adding land-use prohibitions around archaeological sites, airports, railways, and pipelines.

On 16 April 2026 the Government of Burkina Faso published Decree No. 2026-0287/PF/PRIM/MEF/MEMC in the Journal Officiel du Burkina Faso, authorising SOPAMIB — the state's strategic mining-participation vehicle — to acquire an additional 25% stake in Kiaka SA, the operating entity of West African Resources' (ASX: WAF) Kiaka gold mine, for 70 billion CFA francs (~A$175M / USD $125M). The acquisition raises total state equity from the 15% mandatory free-carry established under the 2024 Mining Code (Loi N°016-2024) to 40%, leaving West African Resources with a 60% operating interest; WAF's Sanbrado and Toega operations are not referenced in the decree. West African Resources confirmed the decree via an ASX regulatory announcement on 21 April 2026, noting that net proceeds will be returned to shareholders as a special dividend and that WAF will work with SOPAMIB to finalise transaction terms by end-2026. This action is structurally distinct from the June 2025 SOPAMIB nationalisation of five Endeavour/Lilium assets (Wahgnion, Boungou, three exploration entities), which involved a full transfer; the Kiaka decree is a compulsory additional equity dilution at a specific operating mine, deepening the Burkinabè junta's resource-nationalism arc under President Capt. Ibrahim Traoré.

On 15 April 2026 Tanzania's Minister for Minerals Hon. Anthony Mavunde announced at a press conference in Dodoma the revocation of 40 idle mineral exploration licences covering 188,163 hectares, following a ministerial assessment that found widespread licence-holder breaches: hoarding of blocks without development activity, non-payment of statutory fees and royalty obligations, failure to meet local-content requirements under GN 563/2025, and neglect of corporate social responsibility obligations to host communities. Revoked areas are to be reallocated under the "Mining for a Brighter Tomorrow" (MBT) framework with explicit preference for small-scale miners, women, youth, and persons with disabilities. A companion default-notice batch issued on 10 April 2026 covered 43 additional licences (40 exploration + 3 medium-scale mining) with 30-day rectification windows before further revocations proceed.

DGFT Notification No. 03/2026-27, issued 2 April 2026 under sections 3 and 5 of the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act 1992 and the Foreign Trade Policy 2023, reclassifies several Chapter 71 tariff lines — covering silver-clad base metals (ITC-HS 71090000), articles of precious metals (HS 7114–7115 series), and non-legal-tender coins — from "Free" to "Restricted" import status, requiring DGFT prior authorisation for each import consignment. The notification simultaneously liberalises certain platinum semi-finished forms (HS 7110 series) from Restricted to Free, except platinum alloys containing more than 1% gold content. No transitional relief applies: prior contracts, letters of credit, advance payments, or shipments in transit are not exempted, making the restriction immediately operative. EOU and SEZ units are carved out provided imported goods are not diverted into the Domestic Tariff Area.

On March 29, 2026, the DRC Conseil des Ministres approved a draft decree modifying and supplementing Decree n°11/28 of June 7, 2021, which establishes the statute of the Centre d'Expertise, d'Evaluation et de Certification (CEEC). The reform formally enshrines CEEC as a "certification authority" recognized in law — a role previously exercised in practice but lacking explicit statutory grounding. CEEC gains explicit authority to determine the physicochemical characteristics of all mineral substances produced on DRC territory, covering the nature, chemical composition, geographic origin, and legal provenance of exports across all strategic minerals including cobalt, copper, coltan, cassiterite, gold, and tantalum.

Ghana's Parliament passed the Growth and Sustainability Levy (Amendment) Bill on March 13–14, 2026, reducing the GSL rate on mining companies' gross production from 3% to 1%; the Act received Presidential assent on March 31, 2026. The amendment is a deliberate companion offset to the Minerals and Mining (Royalty) Regulations, 2025, which replaced the prior flat royalty with a sliding-scale framework (5–12% indexed to gold price) effective March 2026. Finance Minister Cassiel Ato Forson framed the GSL cut as a strategic compromise to maintain investment competitiveness while the higher royalty regime captures the upside from gold prices above $4,000/oz; the net government-take trajectory is still upward at high gold prices, but mining companies receive partial relief on the levy side.

On 12 March 2026 Senegal's Primature held a press conference releasing mid-term findings of the National Commission for the Re-evaluation and Renegotiation of Petroleum, Gas, and Mining Contracts, created in August 2024 under Prime Minister Ousmane Sonko's reform programme. The Commission identified a 1,075.9 billion FCFA shortfall in the mining sector — concentrated in unpaid taxes/royalties and unauthorised tax exemptions at ICS (Industries Chimiques du Sénégal) — and announced the termination of four offshore oil-exploration blocks (Djifer Offshore, Kayar Offshore, Saint-Louis Offshore, Rufisque Offshore). Renegotiation of the Greater Tortue Ahmeyim (GTA) gas project, operated by BP with Kosmos Energy and Woodside as partners on the Senegal-Mauritania maritime border, is under active examination; the Primature projects 900 bn FCFA in incremental fiscal revenue 2026-2040 from the contract revision programme. This is Senegal's first major instance of retroactive resource-contract review under the Sonko-Faye government and establishes the legal-political baseline for subsequent contract renegotiations across the 27 mining contracts and remaining hydrocarbon licences under Commission review.

Niger's military-led Conseil des Ministres (CNSP) on March 3, 2026 adopted three decrees terminating the establishment agreements of COMINI SARL, AFRIOR SA, and ECOMINE SA — gold mining and refining companies operating in Niger. The grounds cited are failure to pay taxes, non-submission of annual technical and financial reports, and breach of local-development financing commitments since 2023. Formal notices had been issued to the companies on February 17 and July 23, 2025 before the terminations. The action extends the CNSP's systematic tightening over strategic-resource industries, which also saw uranium licence revocations and a mine nationalisation in 2024–2025.

At the Maiden Mining Local Content Summit held in Takoradi on 18 February 2026, Minerals Commission CEO Isaac Tandoh announced the revocation of more than 300 small-scale mining licences held fraudulently or left dormant, alongside a comprehensive regulatory reset covering all segments of Ghana's mining sector. The reform package includes the repeal of L.I. 2462 (which had permitted mining in forest reserves), introduction of a new medium-scale licensing tier, a sliding-scale gold royalty regime designed to increase state capture during high-price periods, and mandatory local-content thresholds across procurement, employment, and equity participation. Surface-mining operations will be required to use fully Ghanaian-owned contractors; underground-mining contracts must carry at least 50% Ghanaian ownership. The reforms structurally affect large-scale operators including Newmont, AngloGold Ashanti, Zijin Mining, and Atlantic Lithium.

On 3 February 2026 the European Commission opened an in-depth Phase II investigation under the Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR) — the second FSR ex officio case and the first targeting the renewable-energy wind-OEM sector — into whether Xinjiang Goldwind Science & Technology Co., Ltd. and its EU affiliates received Chinese foreign subsidies (grants, preferential tax treatment, and state-bank preferential financing) that distort competition for wind-turbine supply and services in the EU internal market. The case (FS.100143) follows the April 2024 preliminary-review opening and subjects Goldwind to an 18-month Phase II investigation with potential redressive-measures decision. The action structurally extends the FSR enforcement perimeter from security equipment (Nuctech, FS.100068) into the green-transition energy-equipment supply chain.

Peru's Decreto Legislativo N° 1695 (published El Peruano 20 January 2026) amends the Código Penal (Legislative Decree N° 635) to substantially escalate criminal penalties for illegal mining and illegal-origin mineral trafficking. Art 307-A (illegal mining) now carries 5–8 years imprisonment; Art 307-E (trafficking chemical precursors and machinery) and a new Art 307-F (trafficking illegal-origin mineral resources — covering transport, storage, export- loading, and commercialisation) each carry 6–9 years plus 100–600 días-multa. A new Art 307-G adds an inhabilitación penalty barring offenders from mining concessions and mineral commercialisation. The decree also amends Ley N° 30077 (Ley contra el Crimen Organizado) to formally classify illegal mining offences (Arts 307-A through 307-F) as organised crime, unlocking FECOR prosecutorial tools including controlled-delivery operations, FIU cooperation, money-laundering enhancements, and civil asset forfeiture.

President Daniel Noboa signed Executive Decree 273 on 31 December 2025 (effective 1 January 2026), the most significant overhaul of Ecuador's mining regulation since the 2009 Mining Code. The decree amends the Reglamento General a la Ley de Minería to (i) replace the fixed 3–8% royalty range with a price-indexed sliding scale tied to a trailing three-year LME reference price, (ii) require all mining projects to supply 100% of their electricity needs (no grid draw), (iii) tighten exploration-phase timelines and introduce automatic extinction of concessions where activities do not begin in time, (iv) modify royalty-deduction rules so gold/silver royalties are computed on gross revenue without deductions while small/medium operators of other metals can still deduct refining/transport/benefit costs, and (v) allocate 60% of mining royalties to social projects via decentralised governments (45% provincial, 35% municipal, 20% parochial). The decree was published in Registro Oficial Suplemento 195 of 31 December 2025 and is not retroactive.

On 26 December 2025 the Peruvian executive promulgated and published in El Peruano Ley N° 32537, modifying Decreto Legislativo 1293 to extend the Registro Integral de Formalización Minera (REINFO) — Peru's artisanal-and-small-scale mining formalisation registry — through 31 December 2026, or until the new MAPE Law and its regulations enter into force, whichever occurs first. The statute is the parent instrument above DS 009-2025-EM (May 2025) and pushes the formalisation regime — which previously had a 30 June 2025 sunset under Ley 32213 — out by another 18 months. It also (i) orders a national MAPE census run by INEI, MINEM and INGEMMET (to begin within six months and conclude within twelve), (ii) requires REINFO registrants to declare real operational coordinates within 120 days via the Ventanilla Única de Formalización Minera, (iii) compels regional governments to transfer their formalisation paper and digital archives to MINEM within 60 days, and (iv) directs SUNAFIL to issue payroll-compliance verification rules for REINFO holders within 60 days. The law affects ~80,000+ artisanal and small-scale miners and is the statutory ceiling under which Peru's gold and copper-concentrate export chain operates.

The Minister of Minerals published Government Notice No. 692 of 2025 on 19 December 2025, amending the Mining (Corporate Social Responsibility) Regulations 2023 (GN 409/2023) made under section 105 of the Mining Act, Cap. 123. Key operative changes include restructuring the CSR Expert Committee, imposing statutory 14-day timelines for plan revision and ministerial submission, enhancing licensee financial-reporting obligations, and granting explicit corrective-action authority against underperforming contractors. All Tanzanian mining licensees — including Barrick (North Mara, Bulyanhulu), AngloGold Ashanti (Geita), and Petra Diamonds (Williamson) — are subject to the tightened compliance framework.

On 24 November 2025 Barrick Mining Corporation and the Government of Mali announced a comprehensive settlement resolving all disputes arising from the Loulo-Gounkoto gold complex, including the June 2025 provisional state administration order. Under the agreement Barrick commits to pay approximately USD 430 million (≈244 billion CFA francs) to Mali in cash and VAT-credit offsets, formally accedes to Mali's 2023 Mining Code (Loi 2023-040), and receives in exchange: cancellation of all charges against Barrick entities and personnel, release of four detained employees, return of three metric tons of previously seized gold (~USD 400 million), termination of the provisional administration, and a ten-year renewal of the Loulo mine permit (which had been set to expire in February 2026). Full operational control was restored to Barrick on 18 December 2025.

Senegal adopted a new Mining Code under President Bassirou Diomaye Faye's sovereignty-reform mandate, replacing the 2016 framework. The code strengthens the state's free-carried interest and participating-interest rights in mining operations, imposes stricter local-content requirements (processing, employment, procurement), and introduces enhanced royalty and revenue-capture provisions aligned with the WAEMU 2023 regional mining regulation. Community development plan obligations are also reinforced, and the code provides the legal foundation for the concurrent licence-revocation process overseen by the March 2026 National Commission review of 71 permits.

The Saudi Council of Ministers adopted Resolution No. 269 on 11 October 2025, amending the Precious Metals and Gemstones Law to transfer all supervision, regulation, and licensing of precious-metals and gemstones manufacturing activities from the Ministry of Commerce (MoC) to the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources (MIM). The Ministry of Commerce retains authority over retail trade outlets and consumer-facing commercial activities. A six-month transition window — announced jointly by MoC and MIM on 16 October 2025 — requires all existing manufacturing practitioners to obtain an industrial licence through the "Sanai" platform; mandatory hallmarking, gemstone identification tagging, and consumer-documentation standards also take effect under the revised regulatory framework.

Republic Act 12253, signed by President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. on 4 September 2025, replaces the Philippines' long-standing flat-royalty regime for large-scale metallic mining with a five-tier margin-based royalty (1–5% on income from mines outside mineral reservations; 5% retained inside reservations) layered on a five-tier windfall-profits tax (1–10% on profits above a 30% margin), and ring-fences each mining agreement as a separate taxable entity. The law amends the National Internal Revenue Code (RA 8424) and is projected to raise an additional PHP 25.08 bn over 2026–2029. The new fiscal regime became operative on 17 February 2026, 150 days after effectivity, with DOF-issued IRR.

The Crown Minerals Amendment Act 2025 (Act No. 40 of 2025), receiving Royal Assent on 5 August 2025, reverses the April 2018 Ardern-government offshore petroleum exploration ban by removing the prohibition on new offshore exploration permits beyond onshore Taranaki, re-opening New Zealand's Taranaki, East Coast, and Deepwater basins to international oil and gas investors. The Act simultaneously amends the purpose of the Crown Minerals Act 1991 from "sustainably manage" to "promote" prospecting, exploration, and mining of Crown-owned minerals — a fundamental posture shift from conservation to production. Additional provisions restructure the decommissioning-liability regime by granting the Minister of Resources discretion to re-assign liability to former permit holders, extend the confidentiality period for speculative-prospecting data by six years, and introduce a new Tier 3 permit category for small-scale non-commercial gold mining.

The Solomon Islands Government introduced the Mineral Resources Bill 2025 to the National Parliament on 14 July 2025, with the stated objective of replacing the Mines and Minerals Act 1990 with a modern, transparent regulatory framework for exploration, extraction, and processing authorisations. The Bill recognises resource-owner communities as active partners in mining, introduces small-scale mining community reserve permits, and expands ministerial powers over mining decisions; civil society groups and resource owners have raised concerns that some provisions reduce community rights relative to the 1990 Act. The Bills and Legislation Committee (BLC) opened a public inquiry on 1 September 2025 with submissions invited through June 2025; as of June 2026 the BLC inquiry is ongoing and the bill has not yet been enacted into law. Severity is rated 1 given pre-enactment status; passage and assent would raise the rating to 3 given Solomon Islands' role as a seabed-mineral moratorium signatory and its terrestrial critical-mineral potential (cobalt, nickel, gold, bauxite).

Vietnam's Government adopted Decree 193/2025/ND-CP on 2 July 2025 (effective retroactively from 1 July 2025) as the primary operational statute elaborating the Law on Geology and Minerals No. 54/2024/QH15. The decree decentralises licensing for most mineral categories to provincial People's Committees while preserving central Ministry of Agriculture and Environment (MAE) authority over strategic and critical minerals, including rare earths, gold, uranium, and thorium. It codifies a three-tier Group I/II/III mineral classification, imposes a 100% financial-capacity bond requirement for exploration licences, sets a 40-working-day processing deadline, and defines the closed-enterprise framework that makes Vietnam's 1 January 2026 raw rare-earth export ban operationally enforceable through a Prime-Minister-designated list of licensed enterprises.

Nigeria's Mining Cadastral Office (MCO) revoked 1,263 mineral titles — comprising 584 exploration licences, 65 mining leases, 144 quarry licences, and 470 small-scale mining permits — after holders failed to pay annual service fees. A gazette notice was published on 19 June 2025, opening a 30-day cure period; following Remita-payment reconciliation, final revocations were executed in September 2025. The action brings total mineral titles revoked under the Tinubu–Alake administration to approximately 3,794, signalling systematic enforcement of the compliance framework set out in the 2023 7-Point Agenda.

DGFT Notification No. 19/2025-26, issued 17 June 2025 under sections 3 and 5 of the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act 1992 and the Foreign Trade Policy 2023, reclassifies all of Customs Tariff Heading (CTH) 2843 — colloidal precious metals, inorganic or organic compounds of precious metals, and amalgams of precious metals, covering gold, silver, platinum, rhodium and palladium forms (ITC-HS codes including 28431010 colloidal gold, 28431020 colloidal silver, 28432100 silver nitrate, 28433000 gold compounds, 28439011 sodium aurous thiosulphate, 28439012 noble-metal solutions, and 28439020 amalgams) — from "Free" to "Restricted" import status. Importers now require DGFT prior authorisation per consignment; the stated purpose is to close a route for importing gold disguised as chemical compounds. Genuine industrial and manufacturing users (electronics, electrical, and specialised chemical industries) remain able to import against an authorisation, so the measure targets bullion arbitrage rather than input-supply continuity. It was issued the same day as, and as a companion measure to, DGFT Notification No. 18/2025-26 (gold-bearing PGM alloys, CTH 7110), filed separately as 2025-06-17-india-dgft-pgm-alloys-import-licensing.

DGFT Notification No. 18/2025-26, issued 17 June 2025 under the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act 1992, reclassifies alloys of palladium, rhodium, and iridium containing more than 1% gold by weight (ITC-HS codes 71102100, 71102900, 71103100, 71103900, 71104100, 71104900) from "Free" to "Restricted" import status, requiring DGFT prior authorisation per consignment. Unwrought or powder-form palladium, rhodium, and iridium below the 1% gold threshold remain freely importable. The measure extends an earlier platinum-alloy restriction (Notification No. 60/2024-25, 5 March 2025) to the full Customs Tariff Heading 7110 at the 4-digit level, closing a route for importing gold in disguised alloy form.

On 16 June 2025 the Tribunal de Commerce de Bamako issued an order placing Barrick Mining's Loulo-Gounkoto gold complex — one of the world's top-10 gold producers at ~720 koz/yr — under provisional state administration for six months, appointing expert-comptable Soumana Makadji as provisional administrator and tasking state mining holding SOREM-SA with operational oversight. Barrick immediately filed for ICSID arbitration and provisional measures. Operations restarted under state management in Q3 2025. A negotiated settlement dated 24 November 2025 saw Barrick pay approximately USD 430 million to Mali to resolve all disputes; provisional administration was terminated and full operational control returned to Barrick in December 2025.

On 13 June 2025 the Ministry of Environment (MoE) and the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) jointly issued Interministerial Prakas No. 4838, amending Cambodia's environmental-impact-assessment classification rules for all construction and mining business projects. The Prakas mandates that all businesses conducting construction and mining projects — including artisanal enterprises (investment <USD 50,000) and small-scale enterprises (USD 50,000–250,000) previously outside the formal EIA architecture — must sign an environmental-protection letter and file it with the MME prior to commencing operations; no project may operate in areas designated off-limits by the MME. The first joint MoE+MME prakas on environmental compliance extends Cambodia's EIA architecture to the full spectrum of mining-sector operators, building on the Environmental and Natural Resources Code (June 2023) and Prakas No. 8 (February 2024, EIA consulting-firm accreditation standards), and cross-references Prakas No. 3591 (May 2025) for the investment-size classification thresholds.

On 11 June 2025 the Peruvian government published Decreto Supremo N° 003-2025-IN in El Peruano, approving the Estrategia Nacional para la Reducción e Interdicción de la Minería Ilegal en el Perú al 2030. Issued by the Ministerio del Interior (MININTER) and coordinating 17 public institutions, the strategy establishes six specific objectives to dismantle the full criminal chain of illegal mining — from unauthorised extraction through commercialisation of illegally-sourced minerals — across four critical intervention phases. It is institutionally distinct from the parallel MINEM-administered REINFO formalisation track (DS 009-2025-EM + Ley 32537), targeting unregistered illegal operations via PNP, Fiscalía, SUNAT, MINAM, and regional governments, with PCM as the strategy-steering body and a 2030 horizon.

Law n° 014/2025 of 27 May 2025 amends Rwanda's Income Tax Law (Law n° 027/2022) by doubling the capital gains tax (CGT) applicable to transfers of securities — explicitly including mining licences — from 5% to 10%, effective upon gazette publication on 29 May 2025 (some provisions from 1 July 2025). The amendment expands CGT coverage beyond share transfers to encompass direct mining licence transfers, debt instruments, options, and guarantees. By raising the exit-tax on mineral-asset disposals, the law increases financial friction on speculative licence flipping and reinforces Rwanda's beneficiation-first framework across its 3T (tin, tantalum, tungsten) and gold mining sectors.

Guinea's Mines Minister Bouna Sylla announced on 26 May 2025 the cancellation of 129 exploration permits for gold, bauxite, and diamonds that had expired between 2012 and 2024 and were held by non-compliant companies that had not fulfilled their statutory obligations. The measure is the fourth wave of post-coup mining cadastre cleanup under the CNRD/Doumbouya administration and follows two presidential decrees and a prior ministerial ordinance. Major affected operators include AngloGold Ashanti's Siguiri gold-mine exploration blocks, four gold permits held by Endeavour Mining, and Guinea Alumina Corporation's Nomba bauxite block; Axis International separately filed a USD 28.9 billion ICSID arbitration claim over bauxite-permit revocation in the same wave.

Peru's Ministry of Energy and Mines published Decreto Supremo N° 009-2025-EM in El Peruano on 18 May 2025, approving the implementing regulation for Law 32213 (Dec 2024). The decree operationalises the extension of the REINFO mining-formalisation registry deadline through 30 June 2025 (extendable +6 months), reaffirms MINEM as the rector authority over the small-scale and artisanal mining (MAPE) formalisation process, and creates SIPMMA — the Sistema Interoperable de Pequeña Minería y Minería Artesanal — as a state interoperable system for operational traceability of minerals, explosives, chemical inputs and controlled products. A controversial Article 10 had also opened a "REINFO hereditario" path allowing succession transfer of registry inscriptions; that provision was derogated two weeks later by DS 010-2025-EM (1 Jun 2025) under domestic and international anti-illegal-mining pressure.

Ghana's Parliament passed the Ghana Gold Board Act, 2025 (Act 1140) on 29 March 2025; presidential assent followed on 2 April 2025, with full operational effect from 1 May 2025. The Act repeals PNDCL 219 (1989) and establishes the Ghana Gold Board (GoldBod) as the sole statutory licensor and exclusive primary buyer, seller, assayer, grader, weigher and exporter of all gold produced by the country's licensed Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) sector. Large-scale mining operations remain outside the monopsony. Effective 1 May 2025, no person other than GoldBod may export ASM gold from Ghana, and all gold trading and marketing businesses must hold a GoldBod licence (application window for Ghanaian-owned firms opened 22 April 2025). Proceeds from all ASM gold exports settle through the Bank of Ghana, channelling foreign-exchange flows from roughly 30% of national gold output — Ghana is the world's #6 producer and Africa's largest — into formal central-bank reserves. The stated objectives are to combat smuggling, capture the smuggling-loss premium for the state, support Bank of Ghana gold-reserves accumulation, and generate foreign exchange. The Act sits alongside the Bank of Ghana's Domestic Gold Purchase Programme as the legal infrastructure for Ghana's gold-as-reserve-asset strategy.

Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandon issued Order No. 06/PM on 7 March 2025 introducing two headline measures: (i) a permanent nationwide ban on all alluvial gold extraction, including gravel- and sand-suction methods, and (ii) a moratorium on approval of any new metallic-mineral projects for the remainder of the current government term. The Order also mandates enhanced monitoring and inspection of existing licensed mining operations, with particular focus on environmental compliance and remediation. Rationale cited by the PM includes recurring landslide and water-contamination incidents attributed to unregulated artisanal and semi-industrial extraction. This is the first instrument issued under the post-2024-Investment-Promotion-Law framework that directly constrains new-mine pipeline development in Laos, reversing the outward-FDI-friendly signal that Law 62/NA had sent to Chinese-backed project sponsors.

Loi n° 2024-1109 du 18 décembre 2024 portant Budget de l'État pour l'année 2025 (and its annexe fiscale, JO n° 21 of 26 December 2024, entered into force 10 January 2025) raises Côte d'Ivoire's gold ad valorem royalty (taxe ad valorem sur l'or) by two percentage points across all five price tiers — from 3% to 5% at gold ≤ USD 1,000/oz up to 6% to 8% at gold > USD 2,000/oz. The increase applies to all gold producers operating under the Code Minier régime and is collected on the value of gold extracted at the applicable USD-per-ounce reference price. First IPTM entry for Côte d'Ivoire; sits alongside the wider West/Central African mining-fiscal-tightening cycle (Mali 2024 implementing decree, Burkina Faso 2024 ALT mining code, Madagascar 2023 mining code refonte) and reflects a Ouattara-government posture of capturing more of the gold-price super-cycle for the state budget.

Décret n° 2024/05251/PM, signed on 19 November 2024 by the Cameroonian Prime Minister, establishes the legal framework governing the possession, marketing, export, import, and transit of mineral substances in Cameroon. The decree operationalises the trade-flow control architecture introduced by the headline Loi n°2023/014 portant Code Minier (December 2023), giving effect to SONAMINES's statutory monopoly over the purchase and commercialisation of strategic minerals including gold, diamonds, cobalt, nickel, and manganese. It is one of eight implementing decrees signed 18–19 November 2024 that together constitute the full operational legal framework under the 2023 Code Minier.

Senegalese President Bassirou Diomaye Faye signed Décret n° 2024-1502 on 31 July 2024, suspending all artisanal and industrial mining operations and barring the issuance of new mining exploration and exploitation titles within a 500-metre corridor along the left bank of the Faleme River until 30 June 2027. The measure was adopted in Council of Ministers on 18 July 2024 following a ministerial mission to the zone in May 2024, and is motivated by severe environmental degradation, public-health risks from mercury and sediment contamination, and border-security concerns along the Senegal-Mali boundary in the OMVS basin.

The Kyrgyz Republic's parliament adopted on 13 June 2024 — and President Sadyr Japarov signed into law on 27 June 2024 — amendments to the Law "On Subsoil" (No. 49 of 19 May 2018) that lift the constitutional-status prohibition on geological exploration, prospecting, and development of uranium and thorium deposits enacted in 2019 under President Jeenbekov. The law simultaneously invalidates the standalone 2019 prohibition statute and introduces a voluntary state-equity transfer mechanism allowing mining-rights holders to transfer company shares to the state for strategically important gold and coal deposits. Together with the January 2024 Presidential Decree No. 5 (Polymetals and REE National Project), the amendment forms the second pillar of President Japarov's mining reset, re-opening the Kyzyl-Ompol uranium-REE-ilmenite deposit in Issyk-Kul oblast (est. 2,000+ tU resource + significant Th₂O₃, REE, and ilmenite by-products) to Western and Asian operators for the first time since 2019.

The Central African Republic enacted a comprehensive new Mining Code (Law No. 24-008) in May 2024, replacing the prior framework to govern all prospecting, exploration, exploitation, processing, and marketing of mineral deposits. The code creates two state enterprises: GEMINCA (Gemmes et Minéraux de Centrafrique), mandated as the state-designated purchaser of precious and semi-precious minerals — introducing a state monopsony channel for diamond and gold purchasing — and SONADERM (Société Nationale de Développement des Ressources Minérales), charged with geological survey and mineral-domain promotion. Mandatory EITI, Kimberley Process, and ICGLR compliance is imposed on all mining title holders, forecloses informal-sector operators, and tightens supply-chain due-diligence requirements for downstream importers. A companion formalisation framework licences artisanal and small-scale mining through cooperatives and purchasing-office structures, and a dedicated mining fund distinct from Treasury accounts is established to channel sector revenues.

Uganda's Statutory Instrument No. 30 of 2024, gazetted and effective 24 May 2024, prohibits the export of unrefined gold and mandates a minimum purity threshold of 99.9% for all gold export consignments. Exporters must demonstrate compliance via a purity certificate and proof of payment of an export levy of US$200 per kilogram of refined gold. The instrument replaces a previous statutory instrument of the same name that had expired on 30 June 2023, re-enacting and reinforcing the in-country value-addition mandate for Uganda's gold sector.

A joint advisory issued January 26, 2024 by six US agencies (USTR, State, Treasury, Commerce, DHS, and Labor) updating businesses on supply-chain risks associated with Burma's post-coup military regime (SAC). The advisory warns of reputational, economic, and legal exposure for entities operating in or sourcing from Burma and specifically flags heightened due-diligence requirements for metal importers, the SAC's opaque network of corporate affiliates in Thailand, Singapore, India, and the UAE that complicate traceability, and cross-border reporting gaps for goods and funds transfers. Targeted sectors include rare earths (dysprosium, terbium), base metals and gold mining, timber, aviation services and jet fuel, computer chips and ICT equipment, and small arms components.

Burundi's Assemblée Nationale promulgated Loi n°1/19 of 4 August 2023, amending the 2013 Mining Code (Loi n°1/21 of 15 October 2013). The law introduces mandatory 16% no-cost state equity participation in all large-mine joint ventures — rising by 5% at each permit renewal — caps individual operators to two permits per mineral substance, and imposes a 0.5% of turnover municipal development levy. Implementing decrees and orders followed: Décret n°100/224 of 23 November 2023 (artisanal/small-scale licensing), and Joint Ministerial Order n°760/540/1443 of 11 December 2023 (fiscal regime). Burundi holds East Africa's second-largest coltan reserves and significant cassiterite, gold, REE, nickel, and phosphate deposits, making this reform structurally significant for regional critical-mineral supply chains.

On 16 June 2023, the Council of Ministers of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) adopted Règlement N°02/2023/CM/UEMOA establishing a Community Mining Code, the first regional harmonisation of mining law across the 8-nation bloc in over 20 years (repealing Règlement N°18/2003/CM/UEMOA). The code harmonises licensing tracks (reconnaissance → exploration → mining), royalty and tax standards, rehabilitation and closure fund obligations, and community-contribution requirements across Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo. Member states are required to transpose the code into national law within a prescribed conformity period; the Commission has developed three draft implementing regulations covering permit management, rehabilitation fund procedures, and applicable rights/royalties/taxes.

Sierra Leone's National Minerals Agency gazetted the Mines and Minerals Development Regulations 2023 (Statutory Instrument No. 9 of 2023) in May 2023 as the primary implementing instrument for the Mines and Minerals Development Act 2022 (Act 16). The Regulations repeal and replace the 2009 Regulations, establishing operational frameworks across five licence categories. Key provisions include a mandatory 10% non-dilutable free carried interest for the state in large-scale licences, an option for the state to acquire up to 35% additional equity on negotiated terms, mandatory community development agreements (minimum 1% of gross revenue), and environmental impact assessment and environmental bond requirements for all categories.

Loi n° 2014-138, adopted by the Assemblée nationale and promulgated by President Alassane Ouattara on 24 March 2014, is the foundational mining-rights statute governing all mineral prospecting, research, and exploitation in Côte d'Ivoire. Its 197 articles across 16 titles repeal the prior Loi n° 95-553 (1995 Code Minier) and establish the modern permit regime, a 10% state free-carry in all industrial mining projects via SODEMI, and the royalty + ad valorem fiscal architecture that underpins every subsequent mining-convention and fiscal-law amendment. As West Africa's second-largest gold producer (approx. 45 t/yr) with growing bauxite and manganese exploration, CI's mining-code architecture is a material determinant of supply-chain access for Western and Chinese industrial consumers of these commodities.