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The European Commission adopted Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1373 on June 22, 2026, imposing definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of 1,4-butanediol (BDO) originating from China, Saudi Arabia, and the United States. The regulation was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on June 24, 2026. BDO is a chemical intermediate used in engineering plastics (polyurethane, PBT), solvents, and battery electrolyte solvents (gamma-butyrolactone derivative). China is the dominant global BDO producer and the primary source of injurious dumped imports into the EU. The regulation also definitively collects provisional duties previously imposed under Regulation (EU) 2026/270.

Following a sunset-review application from Safripol, ITAC's Report No. 770 found that Chinese imports of polyethylene terephthalate (PET, tariff subheading 3907.6, item 207.01/3907.6/03.05) surged 186.08% between 2022 and 2023 despite the existing anti-dumping order, and that continued material injury to the SACU industry was likely if the duty lapsed. SARS gave effect to ITAC's recommendation via a Customs and Excise Act tariff amendment published in the Government Gazette, raising the anti-dumping duty on PET from China from 28.89% to 43.77%, effective 12 June 2026.

The US Department of Commerce published its final affirmative determination in the less-than-fair-value (LTFV) antidumping investigation of polypropylene corrugated boxes from Vietnam (Federal Register doc 2026-10109, published 20 May 2026), finding that all Vietnamese producers/exporters constitute a single Vietnam-wide entity subject to a 130.58% AD rate based solely on Adverse Facts Available (AFA) due to non-cooperation. Commerce also issued a final affirmative determination of critical circumstances, triggering retroactive provisional-measures liability on entries made during the 90-day look-back period. The period of investigation covered 1 July 2024 through 31 December 2024; the ITC must issue its final injury determination within 45 days for an AD order to take effect.

The European Commission approved Germany's €3.8 billion industrial electricity price relief scheme (Industriestrompreis, State Aid Case SA.120495) on 16 April 2026 under Section 5 of the Clean Industrial Deal State Aid Framework (CISAF), covering the period 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2028. The scheme compensates companies in 91 electricity- and trade-intensive sectors for electricity costs above a reference wholesale price floor, subject to a binding conditionality requiring reinvestment of at least 50% of aid in decarbonisation assets within 48 months. The Commission approved the German scheme as part of a coordinated three-Member-State decision also covering parallel Bulgarian and Slovenian electricity price relief schemes, with the combined package totalling approximately €4.22 billion. This is the largest individual CISAF disbursement approved to date, at 11.4× the scale of the parallel Bulgaria SA.120414 scheme (€334m), and establishes the Section-5 upper-bound precedent for EU energy-intensive-industry relief.

The European Commission adopted Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/801 on 9 April 2026, imposing provisional anti-dumping duties on imports of terephthalic acid (PTA, purity ≥99.5% by weight, CAS 100-21-0, CN code ex 2917 36 00 / TARIC 2917 36 00 11) originating in the Republic of Korea and Mexico, published in the OJ on 10 April 2026 and entering into force the following day. Duty rates are exporter-specific: Korean producers face 6.2% (Samnam Petrochemical, Hanwha Impact) to 13.7% (all other), with Taekwang Industrial Co. found not to be dumping (0%); all Mexican exporting producers face a flat 25.7%. The investigation was opened 13 August 2025 following a complaint by EU producer Ineos Aromatics.

Brazil's Comitê-Executivo de Gestão da Câmara de Comércio Exterior (Gecex/Camex) approved Resolução Gecex Nº 876 on 13 April 2026 (DOU 14/04/2026), applying a definitive five-year antidumping duty on imports of polyethylene (PE) resins — NCM 3901.10.30, 3901.20.29, and 3901.40.00 — originating from the United States and Canada. The DECOM investigation, initiated on 14 November 2024 following a Braskem S.A. petition, found positive dumping margins and material injury to the domestic PE-resin industry; provisional duties were imposed under Resolução Gecex Nº 777 (28 August 2025) for six months. Gecex modulated the definitive rates to match provisional-period levels as a public-interest adjustment to limit additional cost pass-through to downstream packaging, agricultural-film, and container manufacturers.

On 11 March 2026 USTR Ambassador Jamieson Greer initiated parallel Section 301 investigations into the acts, policies, and practices of 16 economies — China, the European Union, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Mexico, Japan, and India — relating to structural excess capacity and overproduction in manufacturing sectors. The Federal Register notice (FR doc 2026-05214; dockets USTR-2026-0067 and USTR-2026-0068) was published on 17 March 2026. Covered sectors include aluminum, automobiles, batteries, cement, chemicals, electronics, energy goods, glass, machine tools, machinery, paper, plastics, processed food and beverages, robotics, satellites, semiconductors, ships, solar modules, steel, and transportation equipment. Written comments were due by 15 April 2026; USTR held the public hearing beginning 5 May 2026. This is the most sweeping multi-economy Section 301 initiative since the 2018 China investigation and is structurally distinct from the China-only 2024-05-14 §301 tariff hikes and the 2025-07-15 Brazil §301 investigation.

On 12 February 2026 the Korea Trade Commission (KTC) concluded a preliminary investigation into Chinese-origin butyl acrylate imports (HS subheading 2916.12) and voted to recommend provisional anti-dumping duties of 9.53–19.17% to the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MOEF). MOEF formally decided and gazetted the provisional duty on 22 April 2026, effective from that date through 21 August 2026 pending the KTC's final determination (expected around July 2026). The case was initiated after LG Chem — the sole remaining domestic butyl acrylate producer — petitioned the KTC in July 2025, citing a roughly 25% rise in Chinese import volumes against a 30%+ drop in its own domestic sales volume between 2021 and 2024.

On 6 February 2026 Presidents Trump and Modi announced a framework for an Interim Trade Agreement that resets the bilateral tariff posture installed in 2025. Two operative instruments: (i) an executive order signed 6 February eliminating, effective 7 February 2026, the additional 25% IEEPA "Russian-oil" duty on Indian imports imposed by EO 14329 (27 August 2025), conditional on India's commitment to cease buying Russian crude and to expand defence cooperation; and (ii) reduction of the EO 14257 reciprocal-tariff rate on India from 25% to 18% on listed product categories (textiles and apparel, leather and footwear, plastics and rubber, organic chemicals, home décor, artisanal products, certain machinery), to take effect on finalisation of the Interim Agreement. India commits to eliminate or reduce tariffs on all US industrial goods and a wide range of agricultural products (DDGs, red sorghum, tree nuts, fresh and processed fruit, soybean oil, wine, spirits) and to purchase >USD 500bn of US energy, ICT, coal, aircraft and aircraft parts, and precious-metals products over five years. The framework also commits the parties to negotiating "robust, ambitious, and mutually beneficial digital trade rules" and to addressing non-tariff barriers in medical devices, ICT import licensing, and food/agricultural standards. US tariff reductions on Indian generic pharmaceuticals, gems, diamonds, aircraft parts, and certain automotive components are flagged as contingent on completion of the full Interim Agreement.

On 29 January 2026, Brazil's Gecex executive committee (Câmara de Comércio Exterior) approved Resolução nº 847, published in the Diário Oficial da União on 30 January 2026, amending Annex IX of the base tariff-nomenclature resolution (Gecex nº 272/2021). The measure raises the import duty on "other polyesters, in liquid or paste forms" (NCM 3907.99.91) to 20%, effective 2 February 2026 through 1 February 2027, while carving out two polyester-amine and sulfonated-polyester sub-lines under the same NCM code at a reduced 12.6% rate for the same window. It also opens a 1,500-tonne tariff-rate quota at 12.6% for a specific styrene-butadiene block copolymer grade (NCM 3903.90.90, Ex 002), valid 3 February–16 October 2026. Global Trade Alert lists Belgium, China and Germany among the principal affected trading partners.

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 400 million, seven-year loan agreement with Swedish hygiene and health group Essity on 29 January 2026 (EIB project ref. 20210374, "Essity Health and Hygiene Products RDI") to finance research, development and innovation expenditure at Essity's R&D centres in Sweden, Germany and France over 2025-2028. The financing targets product and process development across Personal Care, Professional Hygiene and medical wound care, with emphasis on replacing fossil-based plastics with bio-based materials, cutting greenhouse-gas emissions and expanding digital manufacturing solutions; roughly 30% of the RDI spend is earmarked for feminine-care and incontinence-product research. Global Trade Alert separately logs the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending intervention (state act 96020 / intervention 151945).

On 15 January 2026, Brazil's Gecex executive committee (Câmara de Comércio Exterior) published Resolução nº 845, amending Annex IX of the base tariff-nomenclature resolution (Gecex nº 272/2021) to temporarily raise import duties above the Mercosur Common External Tariff on eight NCM product lines. Affected products include sodium pyrophosphate and ammonium carbonate (17.5%), propylene glycol, expandable polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate (20%), sorbitol (20%, with a 12.6% carve-out for a specific food/pharma-grade aqueous solution), and wood screws (25%). The increases took effect 19 January 2026 and expire 18 January 2027, a one-year window functioning as a safeguard-style protection for domestic chemical, plastics and fastener producers.

Türkiye imposed a provisional WTO safeguard measure on imports of PET resin (polyethylene terephthalate, viscosity ≥78 ml/g, GTİP 3907.61.00.00.00) via Presidential Decision No. 10806, published in the Official Gazette on 31 December 2025 (Sayı 33124, 5. Mükerrer) alongside the implementing "İthalatta Korunma Önlemlerine İlişkin Tebliğ" (Tebliğ No. 2026/1). The measure levies an additional financial obligation of USD 100 per tonne, applied erga omnes for up to 200 days while the Ministry's full safeguard investigation continues. A tariff-quota carve-out exempts eligible developing-country origins meeting the WTO Safeguards Agreement Article 9 de-minimis threshold (individually ≤3% of 2024 imports, collectively ≤9%): roughly 3,693 tonnes per country and 11,079 tonnes in aggregate are admitted duty-free before the $100/tonne obligation applies to the remainder. Leading 2024 PET resin suppliers to Türkiye include China, South Korea and Italy.

Türkiye's Ministry of Trade published Tebliğ No. 2026/3 ("İthalatta Gözetim Uygulanmasına İlişkin Tebliğ") in the Official Gazette on 31 December 2025 (Sayı 33124, 4th mükerrer), entering into force 30 days later on 30 January 2026. It imposes a forward-looking import surveillance regime on vacuum storage bags: imports priced below a reference unit customs value require a surveillance certificate ("gözetim belgesi") issued electronically by the Ministry's Import Directorate General before customs clearance. Global Trade Alert logs the measure as a "certainly harmful" intervention but does not publicly disclose the exact GTİP line or USD/unit threshold; no single exporting country is named in the primary text.

Decree reforming various tariff fractions of the General Import and Export Duties Tariff (TIGIE), published in the Diario Oficial de la Federación on 29 December 2025 and in force 1 January 2026. The reform, approved by Congress as a statutory amendment to the LIGIE (Chamber of Deputies and Senate, Dec 2025) and signed by President Claudia Sheinbaum, raises MFN import duties to between 5% and 50% ad valorem on 1,463 tariff lines covering more than 20 chapters of the TIGIE, spanning automotive, auto parts, textiles, apparel, footwear, steel, aluminum, plastics, paper, leather, furniture, glass, toys, appliances and cosmetics. The increases apply only to goods originating in countries without a free trade agreement with Mexico — principally China, South Korea, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Brazil, Indonesia, Chinese Taipei, the UAE, and South Africa. The decree formalises at statutory level the September 2024 Sheinbaum executive order placing a 50% duty on finished passenger vehicles from non-FTA states and is framed by the Secretaría de Economía and SHCP as the operational tariff instrument of Plan México (2025-01-21).

On 26 December 2025, Japan's Cabinet approved the FY2026 (Reiwa 8) national budget, which the Global Trade Alert database logs as including a "Project to Promote the Strengthening of Autonomous Resource Circulation Systems" financial-grant line administered by METI, effective with the fiscal year on 1 April 2026. The line is the continuation of METI's "Decarbonisation Growth-Type Economic Structure Transition Promotion Subsidy (Autonomous Resource Circulation System Strengthening Promotion Project)" (脱炭素成長型経済 構造移行推進対策費補助金（自律型資源循環システム強靱化促進事業）), which funds private-sector investment in recycled-material manufacturing and recovery equipment for rare metals/rare earths, automotive and small-electronics lithium-ion batteries, plastics, and textiles. Japanese budget-press reporting puts the FY2026 allocation at JPY 7.3 billion (73億円), up from JPY 3.0 billion (30億円) in FY2025 -- roughly a 2.4x year-on-year increase. METI opened the call for the executing body (執行団体) on 18 February 2026, with the General Incorporated Association for Low-Carbon Investment Promotion (GIO) again acting as the designated administrator, as it did for the FY2025 round.

On 9 December 2025, Saudi Arabia's Local Content & Government Procurement Authority (LCGPA) issued the December 2025 batch expansion of its Mandatory List — a binding instrument requiring government entities, state-owned enterprises, and sub-contractors to source listed products exclusively from Saudi domestic manufacturers meeting the LCGPA-defined local-content threshold. The December 2025 expansion brings the list to approximately 1,444 national products across 16 sectors, effective 1 March 2026, with LCGPA targeting a total of approximately 2,000 products by end-2026. The Mandatory List operationalises the demand-side layer of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 / National Industrial Strategy (NIS) industrial-policy stack, directly restricting foreign-supplier access to Saudi annual government-procurement budgets estimated at SAR 500 billion+ across central government, Aramco, PIF-portfolio entities, Ma'aden, SEC, STC, Saudi Post, and Saudi Railway.

On 1 December 2025, Saudi Arabia's Local Content & Government Procurement Authority (LCGPA) signed localization and knowledge-transfer agreements with four domestic manufacturers — Al-Sweedy Electric, Al-Sahel Company, Al-Zamel Company, and Composite Materials Company — to establish local production of polymer (fibre-composite) street-lighting poles, displacing imported metal and plastic poles. The initiative was run as a competitive "localization opportunity" tender (opened via LCGPA's Localization of Industry & Knowledge Transfer program, submissions closed 14 February 2025) under the sponsorship of the Public Investment Fund's Oil Sustainability Program, which promotes polymer/composite substitutes for hydrocarbon-linked feedstocks. Once qualifying domestic production is established, the product is slated for addition to LCGPA's Mandatory List, which would require government entities, SOEs, and their sub-contractors to source the item exclusively from the approved local manufacturers.

Brazil's Gecex/Camex approved Resolução Gecex Nº 816 on 11 November 2025, effective 13 November 2025 and set to expire 12 November 2026, amending Annex IX of the base tariff-nomenclature Resolução Gecex Nº 272/2021 (the "List of Tariff Increases for Reasons of Trade Imbalances Derived from the International Economic Situation"). The measure bundles two opposite-direction interventions across six products/NCM lines: a temporary import-tariff increase on five products, and a temporary import-tariff decrease on one product (NCM 7610.90.00, aluminium structures and parts thereof). It affects sectors including pulp and paper, other plastics products, and structural metal products.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber executive committee (GECEX) issued Resolution No. 812 on 28 October 2025, published in the Diário Oficial da União on 30 October 2025, amending the Mercosur Common Nomenclature (NCM) and its corresponding Common External Tariff (TEC) to align with Mercosur Common Market Group Resolutions 17/25, 18/25 and 19/25, and amending the earlier GECEX Resolution No. 272/2021. The update reclassifies and adjusts duties across a range of tariff lines — including raising duty on some helmet and protective-headgear categories while lowering it on others — with a plastics products line flagged among affected sectors. It takes effect 1 February 2026, alongside Brazil's broader routine cadence of GECEX tariff-schedule maintenance resolutions (Nos. 810, 811, 815, 816 in the same window).

Saudi Arabia's General Authority of Foreign Trade (GAFT) issued its final affirmative dumping/injury determination on rutile-grade titanium dioxide (HS 3206.11) originating in China on 27 October 2025, published in the Umm Al-Qura official gazette and effective 28 October 2025. Producer-specific CIF duty rates were set at 19.39% (Shandong Dawn), 29.65% (Anhui Gold Star), 30.9% (LB Group/Lomon Billions), 32.21% (Yibin Tianyuan), and 37.27% (Pangang Group Vanadium & Titanium Resources), with a 45% residual rate for all other Chinese exporters. Anatase-grade TiO2 is explicitly excluded from scope. The measure runs for five years to 26 October 2030, with the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority directed to collect the duty.

Brazil's Foreign Trade Executive Committee (GECEX/CAMEX) imposed a definitive anti-dumping duty for up to five years on imports of rutile-type titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigments classified under NCM 3206.11.10 (minimum 80% TiO2 content) originating in China, via Resolução GECEX nº 802 signed 23 October 2025 and published in the Diário Oficial da União on 24 October 2025. The duty is levied as a specific tariff ranging from USD 1,148.72 to USD 1,267.74 per metric tonne depending on the identified Chinese producer/exporter. A subsequent public-interest review (Circular SECEX nº 21/2026) was opened in March 2026 and could suspend or modify the measure if a public-interest finding is made.

Brazil's Câmara de Comércio Exterior (Gecex) approved Resolução nº 799, de 10 de outubro de 2025, amending Annex IV of the base tariff-nomenclature resolution (Gecex nº 272/2021) under the Mercosur supply-shortage tariff-reduction mechanism (Mercosur GMC Resolution nº 49/19). The resolution establishes ten new duty-free (0%) temporary import tariff-rate quotas covering sodium metabisulfite (24,650 t/year), bisphenol A (10,000 t/year), a microbial inoculant (3,948 units/year), fibrous-grade anatase titanium dioxide (1,500 t/year), banknote security ink (12,000 kg/year), two grades of polyether for concrete additives (2,500 t and 700 t/year), aliphatic polyisocyanate (15,000 t/year), electrolytic manganese metal flakes (972 t/year), and 345kV aluminum conductor power cable (4,000 t/year). Quotas run for one year from their individual validity start dates (16 October 2025 or 27 November 2025 depending on product), granting duty-free entry within volume caps where domestic Mercosur supply is judged insufficient.

On 1 October 2025, Canada Growth Fund Inc. (CGF), a CAD 15 billion federal Crown corporation, committed CAD 30 million as part of a growth investment in Cascadia Windows & Doors, a British Columbia-based manufacturer of high-performance fiberglass windows and doors, led by private-equity firm MKB Equity Partners with additional participation from Blue Earth Capital. Per CGF's own FY2025 annual report, the commitment totals CAD 31 million including CAD 1 million in partnership fees and expenses, of which CAD 19.1 million was deployed during Fiscal 2025. CGF states the capital will fund expansion of Cascadia's manufacturing capacity and North American market footprint, accelerating deployment of fiberglass window systems that support buildings-sector decarbonization (Cascadia's products claim up to 250% improved thermal performance versus aluminum frames and ~58% recycled content).

At its 32nd regular session on 10 August 2025, chaired by Prime Minister Mohammed Shia' Al-Sudani, Iraq's Council of Ministers approved two additional customs duties on imports from all countries of origin: a 75% additional duty on the unit measure of imported paper napkins/tissues, and a 30% additional duty on the unit measure of white polystyrene plates and food-storage containers. Both duties run for four years without reduction, with domestic-market monitoring during the application period, and took effect 120 days after issuance (10 December 2025). Global Trade Alert logs China, Saudi Arabia and Turkiye as the principal supplier origins affected, though the measure itself is non-discriminatory (applies to all origins).

Presidential Decree No. 464 of 9 July 2025 amends the standing Decree No. 302 (25 April 2023) list of foreign-owned assets under "temporary management," adding 100 percent of the shares in JSC PETRUS — owned by Cyprus-registered Pet.Rus Plastic Holdings Ltd — and transferring control to SafPet Aktiv LLC, a Kazan-based entity wholly owned by Tatneft. PETRUS produces PET preforms, polymer caps and BOPET film, with its flagship plant in Noginsk, Moscow region. The transfer follows a Vakhitovsky District Court (Kazan) order arresting PETRUS's assets in a criminal case against Ukrainian businessman Igor Kolomoisky, whom investigators identify as the company's beneficial owner.

The European Commission approved a EUR 227.9 million (USD ~267.1 million) Innovation Fund grant for TotalEnergies Raffinerie Antwerpen N.V.'s "ARCaDe" (Antwerp Refinery Carbon capture and DeNOx) project, with the grant agreement signed on 22 July 2025. ARCaDe was one of six projects — spanning refinery decarbonisation, hydrogen, ocean energy, plastics recycling, and green heat — invited off the Innovation Fund 2023 general-call (IF23Call) reserve list after eight originally-selected projects withdrew from the March 2025 signing round; the six-project cohort was worth nearly EUR 319 million combined. The project targets carbon capture and NOx-reduction retrofits at TotalEnergies' Antwerp refinery, financed via the EU Emissions Trading System.

New Zealand Customs Service, acting under section 8 of the Tariff Act 1988, published Tariff Concession Approvals, Withdrawals and Declines Notice (No. 17) 2025 in the Gazette on 4 July 2025. The notice grants new duty-free tariff concessions on goods across tariff items 3919-9405 (adhesive tapes and films, fibreglass products, industrial machinery, heating/cooling equipment, electronic controls and marine vessels) not manufactured domestically, effective 1 July 2025, while withdrawing a comparable set of prior concession approvals effective 30 June 2025. This is a routine, periodic administrative tariff-concession cycle rather than a discrete policy announcement.

Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1303 of 23 June 2025, published in the Official Journal on 30 June 2025 and applying from 1 July 2025, amends Regulation (EU) 2021/2278 and replaces the EU's autonomous Common Customs Tariff (CCT) duty-suspension list for agricultural and industrial inputs "not produced in the Union in sufficient quantity." The revision extends or newly grants reduced/zero duty treatment to 79 industrial products across 48 six-digit CN tariff subheadings, while also raising import duties on four specific products: rubber thread and cord (CN 4007.00.00), certain flexible plastic sheets/plates/film (CN 3920.10.89), and fixed vegetable/microbial fats and oils (CN 1515.60.99). The measure is erga omnes (applies to all trading partners, not a bilateral concession).

Pakistan's National Tariff Commission (NTC) issued its final determination in anti-dumping case ADC-66, imposing a definitive 26.76% ad valorem duty on imports of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) self-adhesive tapes in jumbo rolls (PCT 3919.9010 / 3919.9090) originating from China, effective for five years from January 31, 2025. The investigation, initiated on the petition of domestic manufacturer M/s Universal Coating Films (Pvt.) Limited, found that Chinese-origin BOPP tapes were being dumped into Pakistan at injuriously low prices, causing material injury to the domestic packaging-tape industry. The measure supersedes the provisional 14.99% duty imposed in January 2025 and was announced in the final determination report published on 24 May 2025.

MOFCOM Announcement No. 25 of 2025 (18 May 2025) issued the final ruling in the anti-dumping investigation into copolyacetal (共聚聚甲醛, polyoxymethylene copolymer/POM copolymer, an engineering plastic used in automotive parts, electronics and precision components) imported from the United States, the EU, Taiwan and Japan, initiated 19 May 2024 (MOFCOM Announcement No. 18 of 2024). MOFCOM found dumping, material injury to the domestic industry and a causal link, and imposed anti-dumping duties effective 19 May 2025 for a five-year term under Article 38 of China's Anti-Dumping Regulations. Rates: 74.9% for US companies; 42.0% for EU companies; 3.8%-32.6% for Taiwan-region companies (named companies at the low end, "other Taiwan companies" at 32.6%); 33.9%-43.7% for Japanese companies (named companies at the low end, "other Japanese companies" at 35.5% per the 2026 succession notice). On 20 August 2026, MOFCOM Announcement No. 36 of 2026 ruled that Daicel Corporation succeeds to Polyplastics Co., Ltd.'s 35.5% rate and Daicel HPP Taiwan Co., Ltd. succeeds to Polyplastics Taiwan Co.'s 3.8% rate, both following corporate reorganizations, effective 21 August 2026 (filed below as an amendment).

India's DGFT issued Notification No. 07/2025-26 on 17 May 2025, with immediate effect, restricting the entry points through which Bangladesh goods may be imported into India. All ready-made garments (RMG) from Bangladesh are barred from land ports entirely and may enter only via Nhava Sheva and Kolkata seaports; processed food, rubber and plastic goods, and wooden furniture are barred from Land Customs Stations (LCSs) and Integrated Check Posts (ICPs) in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, and at Changrabandha and Fulbari in West Bengal. The notification is widely read as a retaliatory measure responding to Bangladesh's April 2025 NBR land-port yarn-import ban, and is the first bilateral India-Bangladesh trade-restriction instrument filed in the IPTM register.

Indonesia's Ministry of Finance extended for a second three-year term the import safeguard duty (Bea Masuk Tindakan Pengamanan / BMTP) on expansible polystyrene (EPS) resin (HS 3903.11.10), via Peraturan Menteri Keuangan (PMK) No. 29 of 2025, effective 23 May 2025 to 22 May 2028. The extension follows a KPPI investigation opened 22 July 2024 that found the domestic industry still needed time to complete structural adjustment despite a fall in import volumes. The duty is a specific (per-kilogram) levy declining annually and applies to all source countries, principally Taiwan, China and Vietnam.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/778 of 14 April 2025, adopted under Regulation (EU) No 654/2014 (the EU enforcement regulation for international trade rights), reinstates the EU's 2018 and 2020 commercial rebalancing measures against the United States and adds new countermeasures in response to the second Trump administration's 10 February 2025 Section 232 proclamations, which restored a universal 25% tariff on steel imports and raised the aluminium tariff to 25% effective 12 March 2025 (filed as 2025-02-11-us-section-232-steel-aluminum-global-tariff-reinstatement). The combined package targets approximately €26 billion of EU imports from the United States — matching the scope of US measures affecting EU exports — and combines the reinstatement of pre-existing duties on a first tranche of products (steel, aluminium, agricultural goods, motorcycles, and other industrial items originally subject to the 2018 and 2020 lists) with new duties on roughly €18 billion of additional US-origin goods spanning poultry, beef, certain seafood, nuts, eggs, dairy, sugar and vegetables on the agricultural side, and steel, aluminium, textiles, leather, appliances, plastics and wood products on the industrial side. Tariff rates layer onto MFN duties at up to 50% for some products, mirroring the structure of the 2018 measures. On the same day the Commission published Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/786, which suspends application of Articles 2 and 3 of 2025/778 for 90 days, until 14 July 2025, to allow space for bilateral negotiations following the US 9 April 2025 announcement of a 90-day pause on its own reciprocal-tariff regime (2025-04-02-us-trump-reciprocal-tariff-regime). The legal scaffolding therefore exists and is in force, but no duties were collected during the suspension window. This is the first standalone EU rebalancing instrument adopted against the United States in the second Trump administration and the first major use of Reg 654/2014 since the 2018-2020 Section 232 episode.

Regulation (EU) 2025/40, published in the Official Journal on 22 January 2025 and entering into force on 11 February 2025, replaces the 1994 Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive 94/62/EC with a directly-applicable Regulation. It mandates binding recycled-content targets for plastic packaging (by polymer and format, reaching 30–65% by 2030 with higher targets by 2040), minimum reusable-packaging shares for beverages and transport, recyclability standards for all packaging placed on the EU market from 2030, deposit-return-scheme obligations for beverage containers from 2029, and bans on specified single-use plastic packaging formats. General application begins 12 August 2026, with staggered compliance windows extending to 2030 and beyond, affecting all non-EU exporters shipping consumer goods, beverages, or e-commerce fulfilment into the EU single market.

The European Commission adopted Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/4 on 17 December 2024, imposing definitive five-year anti-dumping duties on imports of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) originating in China, published in the OJ on 9 January 2025. Duty rates are differentiated by Chinese exporter: €0.25/kg for Anhui Jinhe Star (Gold Star), €0.74/kg for Lomon Billions Group and all non-cooperating exporters, and €0.64/kg for other cooperating producers — converting the provisional ad-valorem duties (14.4%–39.7%) imposed by CR 2024/1923 in July 2024 into specific definitive measures covering CN codes 3206 11 00 and 3206 19 00. China filed WTO dispute DS636 in April 2025 challenging the measure.

Regulation (EU) 2024/1781, the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), replaces the 2009 Ecodesign Directive with a cross-cutting product-sustainability framework covering nearly all physical goods placed on the EU single market. It empowers the Commission to adopt binding delegated acts setting ecodesign requirements (durability, reparability, recyclability, recycled content, chemical restrictions, energy and resource efficiency) by product category, establishes a mandatory Digital Product Passport (DPP) for supply-chain traceability, and bans the destruction of unsold consumer products. The regulation entered into force on 18 July 2024; the Commission's first ESPR and Energy Labelling Working Plan (2025–2030, COM(2025) 187) was adopted in April 2025, prioritising textiles, furniture, tyres, electronics, and iron/steel/aluminium.

The Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR) initiated an anti-dumping investigation on 28 March 2024 concerning imports of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂, pigment grade; HS 3206.11/3206.19) originating in or exported from China PR (file 14/51/2002-DGAD), on application of Indian domestic producers Travancore Titanium Products Ltd, Kerala Minerals & Metals Ltd (KMML), Meghmani Organochem Ltd, and VV Titanium Pigments Pvt Ltd. Final Findings were issued on 12 February 2025 recommending anti-dumping duties on Chinese TiO₂ imports; those findings were subsequently remanded by court order in October 2025, reopening the determination phase. DGTR issued a second Disclosure Statement on 12 May 2026 and extended the remand timeline on 18 May 2026, with revised Final Findings expected in Q3 2026. The investigation sits within a global TiO₂ anti-dumping cluster targeting Chinese producers alongside parallel EU provisional measures (2024) and USITC AD-CVD proceedings.

Three-year export-promotion policy issued by the Bangladesh Ministry of Commerce on 25 February 2024 covering FY2024-25 through FY2026-27. Sets a $110bn merchandise+services export target by FY2026-27 (vs. ~$56bn FY2023-24 base), restructures the cash-incentive regime, and designates "highest priority" and "special development" sectors including ready-made garments, leather, jute, ICT, pharmaceuticals, agro-processing, light engineering, and plastics. Explicitly designed as the transition framework for navigating Bangladesh's LDC graduation (effective 24 November 2026), at which point the country will lose EU Everything-But-Arms duty-free access and face an estimated 10% average MFN tariff on EU exports.

Bangladesh's Cabinet approved the National Industrial Policy 2022 on 11 August 2022, replacing the National Industrial Policy 2016 as the country's foundational umbrella industrial-policy statute; the Ministry of Industries gazetted it on 29 September 2022. The policy sets a target to raise industry's share of GDP to 40% by 2027 and introduces a sector taxonomy covering export-diversification, special-development (electronics, automotive assembly, semiconductors, renewable energy, defence-electronics), priority, reserved, and controlled categories. CMSMEs (Cottage, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) are designated the "main driving force of industrialisation," with sector-specific concessional finance, tax holidays, and cluster-development frameworks, alongside FDI incentives including Bangladeshi citizenship for investors committing USD 1 million. The policy for the first time formally incorporates Bangladesh's informal sector within a national industrial-policy framework, mandating a National Informal Sector Database and a 2022–2027 implementation action plan.

On 22 March 2021, UAE Vice President and Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum launched Operation 300bn at Qasr Al Watan in Abu Dhabi — a 10-year national industrial strategy delivered by the newly created Ministry of Industry and Advanced Technology (MoIAT, established July 2020). The strategy targets raising the industrial sector's annual GDP contribution from AED 133bn (~USD 36bn) to AED 300bn (~USD 82bn) by 2031, lifting R&D spend from AED 21bn to AED 57bn (1.3% → 2% of GDP), and supporting more than 13,500 industrial SMEs through an AED 30bn (~USD 8.2bn) Emirates Development Bank (EDB) financing portfolio. Eleven priority sub-sectors are organised into three baskets: Stimulating Growth (food/beverage, pharmaceuticals, electrical equipment), Advanced Manufacturing (petrochemicals, rubber/plastics, machinery), and Industries of the Future (hydrogen, medical technology, space technology).