Industrial Policy & Trade Monitor· 2667 actions· ✨ 89 recent

Colombia's Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism (MINCIT) imposed provisional anti-dumping duties on imports of annealed wire (alambre recocido) and galvanized wire (alambre galvanizado) originating in the People's Republic of China via Resolución No. 214 de 2026, published in the Diario Oficial. The measures apply as an ad valorem surcharge on the FOB value declared to DIAN and are valid for four months while the Subdirección de Prácticas Comerciales continues its investigation toward a definitive determination or archival. The investigation was initiated under Resolución No. 097 of 6 February 2026 and found significant dumping margins: annealed wire at USD 617.03/t FOB vs. a normal value of USD 796.51/t; galvanized wire at USD 674.67/t FOB vs. a reference value of USD 1,336.63/t (Italy benchmark).

Decreto No. 17-2026, published in La Gaceta No. 37,081 on 27 February 2026, enacts the Ley de Reactivación Económica y Desarrollo Humano — an omnibus statute establishing extraordinary, exceptional, and temporarily-scoped fiscal and financial measures to stimulate economic activity across Honduras's principal productive sectors: export manufacturing (textiles-apparel, automotive-harnesses), agribusiness, tourism, and micro-small-and-medium enterprises (MIPYMES). The law is administered by SAR (Servicio de Administración de Rentas), SDE (Secretaría de Desarrollo Económico), and SEFIN, and operationalises the post-2024-election Castro-administration economic-reactivation legislative agenda alongside companion Decreto No. 2-2026 (RIT five-period extension, La Gaceta No. 37,065). The statute's explicitly temporary and extraordinary character distinguishes it from permanent-regime instruments; its multi-sector coverage spans Honduras's USD 30bn+ GDP economy.

On 25 February 2026 the Swiss Federal Council adopted extensive amendments to the Ordinance on Measures in Connection with the Situation in Ukraine (Ukraine Ordinance) and the Ordinance on Measures against Belarus, completing implementation of the EU's 19th sanctions package with effect from 26 February 2026. Headline measures: a complete ban on the purchase and import of Russian LNG taking effect 25 April 2026 (transition period until end-2026 for pre-existing long-term contracts); a complete prohibition on the provision of crypto-asset services to Russian persons and companies; new service bans covering advanced-technology / AI / high-performance-computing services and tourism-related services; expansion of the dual-use end-user list (Annex 2) including additional Chinese entities; SECO authority to grant divestment-exemption licences until end-2026 under Art. 30a; and parallel adoption of the EU October 2025 Belarus measures via amendment to the Belarus Ordinance.

China's Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce, People's Bank of China and National Financial Regulatory Administration jointly issued Cai Jin [2026] No. 5 on 2026-01-19, optimizing the service-sector loan interest-subsidy policy first launched in August 2025 (Cai Jin [2025] No. 81). The notice extends the scheme through 2026-12-31, raises the per-entity eligible new-loan cap for 2026 to RMB 10 million (subsidy period capped at one year, annual subsidy rate of 1 percentage point, funded 90% by central and 10% by provincial finances), and widens covered sectors from the original eight (catering/accommodation, health, eldercare, childcare, domestic services, culture/entertainment, tourism, sports) to add digital, green and retail categories. It also expands the roster of handling banks to a longer list of state and joint-stock commercial banks.

The UAE Ministry of Economy & Tourism issued Directive No. (72) of 2026, implementing a GCC Ministerial Committee decision to impose definitive anti-dumping duties on electric accumulators (including separators), lead-acid, of a kind used for starting piston engines, originating in or exported from China and Malaysia. Chinese producers face duties of 25.8% (three named enterprises/five entities get 25.8%, 50.7%, and 63.7% respectively), a 25.8% rate for non-selected cooperating exporters, and a 74% residual rate for all other Chinese enterprises. Malaysian producers face 43.2% and 68% company-specific rates, with a 77% residual rate for other enterprises. The duties are ad valorem on CIF customs value, took effect 13 January 2026 across the GCC customs union including the UAE, and are valid for a term not exceeding five years.

Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) and the Cabinet Office jointly published the Shipbuilding Revival Roadmap (造船業再生ロードマップ) on 26 December 2025, redefining shipbuilding as a "national strategic industry" within an All-Japan shipping-and-shipbuilding framework. The Roadmap targets doubling domestic shipbuilding capacity from ~9 million GT to 18 million GT by 2035 (re-capturing roughly 20% global market share) backed by a ¥1 trillion (~USD 6.4 bn) public-private investment commitment over three staged phases (2026-28 automation, 2029-31 facility expansion, 2032-34 dock-operation support), mandates consolidation of domestic shipbuilders into 1-3 groups by 2028, and is funded in its first three years by a ¥120 bn FY2025 supplementary budget enacted in December 2025.

The Bank of Thailand and Ministry of Finance, together with the Thai Bankers' Association and Association of International Banks, launched "SMEs Credit Boost," a THB 20 billion (~USD 580 million) new loan-guarantee facility funded through a temporary reduction in commercial banks' 2026 FIDF (Financial Institutions Development Fund) contribution rather than new fiscal spending. The scheme guarantees 15-30% of new bank lending to SMEs and qualifying larger firms in government-prioritised "Reinvent Thailand" sectors, is projected to catalyse roughly THB 100 billion in new credit over 1-2 years, and took effect 2026-01-15.

Bolivia's Ministerio de Hidrocarburos y Energía published the framework of the Proyecto de Ley del Litio on 25 December 2025, with President Rodrigo Paz formally proposing the 121-article bill in January 2026. The law is the first post-Ley 928 (1992) national-level lithium statutory regime: it delimits a sub-zone of the Salar de Uyuni as a heritage tourism-reserve to protect local livelihoods, reorients the remaining salar areas for industrial production via an international bidding process open to private capital acting independently or in mixed-JV alliances with state-owned YLB, and provides the statutory anchor for Congressional ratification of the pending YLB-Uranium One and YLB-Hong Kong CBC contracts. As a bill (Proyecto de Ley) it was advancing through committee in the Cámara de Diputados as of early 2026, with a national consensus summit scheduled for mid-2026 to socialise the text before full plenary passage.

The UAE Cabinet, chaired by Vice President and Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum at a special meeting during the Dubai Airshow, approved the establishment of a National Investment Fund with initial capital of AED 36.7 billion (~USD 10 billion), open to future review and expansion. The Fund provides financial incentive packages to companies capable of delivering significant economic impact, via direct federal-level financing and cooperation with emirate-level economic, investment and tourism authorities. It targets raising annual FDI inflows from AED 115bn to AED 240bn, and cumulative FDI stock from AED 800bn to AED 2.2 trillion, by 2031.

Cyprus Law 194(I)/2025 "The Establishment of a Framework for the Screening of Foreign Direct Investments Law of 2025" was enacted by the House of Representatives and published in the Official Gazette on 14 November 2025, entering into force on 2 April 2026. It establishes Cyprus's first-ever mandatory pre-approval FDI screening regime, designating the Ministry of Finance as the competent Screening Authority and applying to non-EU/EEA/Swiss investors acquiring ≥25% equity or voting rights in Cyprus entities valued at ≥€2 million across covered strategic sectors. The regime implements EU Regulation 2019/452 and includes a Cyprus-specific sectoral extension covering tourism and real estate — addressing golden-passport-era concerns about non-EU capital flows into the island's financial and hospitality economy.

The U.S. Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) designated the Bhardwaj Human Smuggling Organization (Bhardwaj HSO), a Cancun, Mexico-based transnational criminal organization run by dual Indian-Mexican national Vikrant Bhardwaj, under Executive Order 13581 (as amended by EO 13863). The action names 21 designees in total — the organization, 4 individuals (including Bhardwaj's wife and a former Cancun airport police officer who provided access), and 16 front companies spanning Mexico, India and the UAE across real estate, construction, retail/hospitality, and tourism/transport sectors used to launder smuggling proceeds. The designation was coordinated with Homeland Security Investigations, the DEA, and Mexico's financial intelligence unit (UIF), and blocks all U.S. property and interests of the designees plus any entity 50%-or-more owned by them.

On 23 October 2025, the Council of the European Union adopted the 19th package of restrictive measures against Russia, anchored by Council Regulation (EU) 2025/2033 amending Regulation 833/2014 (sectoral sanctions), Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2035 amending Regulation 269/2014 (asset-freeze listings — 22 individuals + 42 entities, total 69 listings), and Council Regulation (EU) 2025/2041 (parallel Belarus measures). The package closes the Russian-LNG import loophole left open by the 18th package and establishes the architectural template for crypto-asset sanctions. Headline measures: (i) full prohibition on imports of Russian-origin LNG into the EU — short-term contracts banned six months from entry into force (effective 25 April 2026), long-term contracts (> 1 year, executed before 17 June 2025) phased out by 1 January 2027; (ii) full transaction ban on Rosneft and Gazprom Neft (tightening prior partial measures); (iii) five additional Russian banks added to Annex XIV transaction ban (Alfa-Bank, MTS Bank among them; effective 12 November 2025); (iv) full transaction bans on the Mir card payment system and the Faster Payments System (SBP), effective 25 January 2026; (v) first-ever EU sanctions on a stablecoin — the rouble-backed A7A5 (issuer + developer designated) — and a Paraguay-based cryptocurrency exchange used as a circumvention rail; (vi) prohibition on EU operators contracting with 11 listed Russian Special Economic Zones (Annex LII), with mandatory divestment from Alabuga (Tatarstan) and Technopolis Moscow effective 25 January 2026 — no five-year wind-down available; (vii) 45 entities added to Annex IV military end-user list (28 Russian + 17 third-country: 12 Chinese/Hong Kong, 3 Indian, 2 Thai); (viii) new export restrictions on electronic components, microelectronics, acyclic hydrocarbons, pneumatic rubber tires and propellant chemicals (~EUR 155 m of EU 2024 exports); (ix) prohibition on supply of AI, HPC, and quantum-computing services to Russian persons (effective 25 November 2025); (x) tourism-services ban (1 January 2026 wind-down); (xi) 117 additional shadow-fleet vessels listed (cumulative 557, exceeding the 18th package's 444); (xii) four Belarus + Kazakhstan banks listed for SPFS use (effective 2 December 2025); (xiii) binding ownership/control definitions added to Reg. 269/2014 (50 % proprietary-rights threshold + eight-criterion control test). Entry into force on 24 October 2025 (day following publication in OJ L_202502033), except for measures with explicit deferred application dates.

China's Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Commerce jointly issued Cai Jian [2025] No. 342 ("Notice on Developing International Consumption Environment Construction Work") on 2025-09-28, launching a two-year central-fiscal subsidy scheme for roughly 15 pilot cities competitively selected to build "internationalised consumption environments." Designated international consumption center cities receive RMB 200 million each over two years; other selected pilot cities receive RMB 100 million each. Funds are earmarked for accommodation, catering/food service, retail, inbound tourism, duty-free, sports and cultural-tourism venues, targeting improved service quality and product supply for inbound visitors and foreign merchants. Provincial commerce and finance departments were required to submit implementation plans by 2025-10-24.

China's Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Commerce jointly issued Cai Jian [2025] No. 341 ("Notice on Conducting Pilot Work for New Consumption Business Forms, Models, and Scenarios") on 2025-09-28, a sibling scheme to the same-day international consumption environment notice (Cai Jian [2025] No. 342). Roughly 50 prefecture-level-and-above cities will be selected, prioritising large, high-growth metros, for a two-year central-fiscal subsidy covering three focus areas: "first-launch economy" services (debut centres/platforms for new fashion, electronics, cosmetics and automotive product launches), AI/metaverse-enabled service consumption scenarios in culture, tourism, health and sport, and cross-sector IP-branded themed stores and concept spaces. Super-large/mega cities receive RMB 400 million each, large cities RMB 300 million each, and other selected cities RMB 200 million each, disbursed in two batches.

Loi n° 2025-16 du 27 septembre 2025 portant Code des Investissements, published in Journal Officiel du Sénégal n° 7853 du 2 octobre 2025, is the first major horizontal recodification of Senegal's investment framework in 21 years, fully repealing and replacing the Loi n° 2004-06 du 6 février 2004 portant Code des Investissements. Enacted under the Faye-Sonko administration as part of the September 2025 modernisation package (companion to the parallel General Tax Code recodification), the law introduces a digital single-window with a 10-business-day processing guarantee, territorial fiscal and customs stability regimes differentiated by region (3 years for Dakar/Thiès, 5 years for other regions), expanded eligible-sector coverage, and statutory local-content integration mandates to strengthen SME participation. Existing investor protections — national treatment, free capital transfer, and nationalisation/expropriation guarantees — are maintained and modernised. The law structurally aligns the investment framework with Vision Sénégal 2050 sustainable-development requirements.

Paraguay promulgated Ley Nº 7548/2025 on 8 September 2025, establishing a modernised fiscal-incentive regime for national and foreign investment that replaces the 35-year-old Ley 60/90 framework. The statute extends IDU (dividend-distribution tax) exemptions to domestic investors — equalising treatment with foreign-owned enterprises for the first time — and provides customs-duty and VAT exemptions on capital goods, raw materials, and inputs for qualifying investment projects approved via bi-ministerial resolution by MIC and MEF. The law is the third pillar of Paraguay's September 2025 industrial-policy reset, companion to Ley 7546/2025 (electronics sector strategy) and Ley 7547/2025 (maquila regime overhaul), and anchors the Peña administration's FDI-promotion architecture with explicit fiscal-stability guarantees and tiered regional/sectoral premium support.

Spain's Ministry of Industry and Tourism awarded InoBat (Slovak battery manufacturer, 25%-owned by China's Gotion High-Tech) a EUR 53.8 million grant plus a EUR 456,000 loan under the third call of PERTE VEC (Programa Estratégico para la Recuperación y Transformación Económica — Vehículo Eléctrico y Conectado), the battery-manufacturing tranche of Spain's EV supply-chain industrial-policy programme. The award, announced by President Pedro Sánchez on 8 September 2025, was to support a planned 32 GWh battery gigafactory in Valladolid (EUR 712m total project investment, 260 direct / ~500 indirect jobs, full capacity targeted for 2029). MINCOTUR later recorded InoBat's withdrawal of the award (~18 November 2025) after the Valladolid project was folded into a larger, Gotion-led initiative.

Turkey's Medium-Term Programme 2026-2028 (Orta Vadeli Program, OVP), published in the Resmi Gazete on 7 September 2025 by the Presidency Strategy and Budget Directorate, sets out a binding three-year macroeconomic and industrial framework that prioritises disinflation over near-term growth, targeting year-end CPI of 16% in 2026 narrowing to single digits by 2027–2028, while projecting GDP growth to accelerate from 3.3% in 2025 to 5.0% by 2028. Export revenues are targeted to rise from $273.8 billion in 2025 to $308.5 billion in 2028, with tourism receipts reaching $75 billion, and the central government deficit set to narrow from 3.6% to 2.8% of GDP. The programme is structured around three transformation pillars — green transformation, digital transition toward high-value-added industries, and alignment with Turkey's 12th National Development Plan (2024-2028) — making it the umbrella strategic framework within which sectoral instruments such as HIT-30, YEKA, and the 2026 import-regime decree operate.

Spain's Council of Ministers approved Royal Decree 768/2025 (published in BOE no. 212, 3 September 2025), establishing the regulatory basis for a direct state loan of up to EUR 1,011,850,000 to Hisdesat Servicios Estratégicos SA to develop the PAZ 2 radar Earth-observation satellite program (two SAR satellites plus ground segment), replacing the PAZ 1 satellite whose service life ends around 2030-2031. The program runs 2025-2032 and is designed to maintain Ministry of Defence access to synthetic-aperture-radar imagery for national-security purposes, with Hisdesat providing observation capacity to the Ministry of Defence for an initial 10-year period per satellite once operational.

Greece enacted Law 5202/2025 on 22 May 2025, published in Government Gazette ΦΕΚ A' 84 on 23 May 2025 and effective the same day, establishing the country's first national mandatory and suspensory foreign direct investment screening mechanism, aligned with Regulation (EU) 2019/452. The Interministerial Committee for the Control of Foreign Direct Investment (ICC-FDI), with initial procedure run by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, reviews non-EU acquisitions in "sensitive" sectors (energy, transportation, healthcare, ICT, digital infrastructure) and "particularly sensitive" sectors (national security, defence, cybersecurity, AI, ports and critical subsea infrastructure, borderland tourism). A two-phase review applies — 30 days Phase I, up to 150 days Phase II with EU Cooperation Mechanism notification — and the regime became fully operational on 11 November 2025.

On 7 May 2025 the Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture People's Government (Hunan Province) approved the establishment of a CNY 1 billion ($~140 million) Xiangxi Industrial Development Guidance Fund, publicised the following day on the Hunan provincial government portal. The fund runs a "1+X+N" mother-fund structure — 30% of its scale for direct investment, 70% seeded into sub-funds with social capital — and is earmarked for 11 priority industry chains, including manganese-zinc and aluminium-based composite materials and vanadium-lithium battery new-energy and electronics, alongside ecological-culture tourism, liquor/tobacco, traditional Chinese medicine/biopharma, and specialty agriculture. It is managed by the prefecture finance bureau and capitalised by consolidating existing industrial-subsidy funds, rolling investment returns, and new budget allocations.

Spain's Ministry of Industry and Tourism (MINCOTUR) provisionally approved EUR 90 million in grants across five industrial-decarbonisation projects under Line 4 of the PERTE Descarbonización (Spain's Recovery-and-Resilience-Plan-funded strategic decarbonisation programme). The largest award, EUR 60 million, went to Hydnum Puertollano (Ciudad Real) for a green-steel mill; other recipients were Biotérmica Villanueva (EUR 12m for a biomass plant converting orange waste to energy in Huelva, plus EUR 4.6m for an olive-pomace renewable-energy plant in Lebrija, Sevilla), Alier (EUR 9.6m, sustainable recycled-paper production in Zaragoza), and Cimsa Cementos España (EUR 3.7m, emissions reduction in Buñol, Valencia cement manufacturing). The announcement, made by Industry Minister Jordi Hereu on 23 April 2025, brought total PERTE Descarbonización disbursement to approximately EUR 570 million across 93 projects nationwide.

Premier Li Qiang signed State Council Order No. 803 on 23 March 2025 promulgating the "Regulations on Implementation of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China" (22 articles), effective on the date of publication (24 March 2025). The Regulations operationalise the 2021 Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law by clarifying the scope of countermeasure tools — explicitly extending "other property" subject to seizure to cash, bank deposits, securities, equity, intellectual property and accounts receivable, and listing the specific transaction and cooperation activities that may be prohibited or restricted (education, S&T, legal services, environment, trade, culture, tourism, health, sports, data and cross-border data transfers). They define inter-agency procedure, evidence and notice requirements for designations, and bind PRC organisations and individuals — including foreign-invested entities operating in China — to implement countermeasures, with sanctions including exclusion from government procurement, import/export and cross-border-data restrictions, and exit/stay restrictions for responsible persons.

The UAE Ministry of Economy & Tourism issued Directive No. (2) of 2025, implementing a GCC Ministerial Committee decision (dated 13 March 2025) to impose definitive anti-dumping duties on painted and/or coated, flattened or grained aluminium alloy plates, sheets, strips or coils of 0.2mm to 8mm thickness originating in or exported from China. The duties, ranging from 7.1% to 20% of CIF customs value depending on the producer/exporter, took effect 25 April 2025 across all GCC member states' customs territories, including the UAE.

Mauritania promulgated Loi n° 2025-006 on 19 February 2025, comprehensively replacing the 2012 Investment Code (Loi n° 2012-052) with a three-tier incentive architecture — a Base Regime (SME + intermediate categories), a Development Poles Regime (designated geographic zones), and a Structuring Investments Regime (large-scale strategic projects above 200M MRU). The law was drafted with IFC/World Bank technical assistance, codifies national-treatment equality between domestic and foreign investors, provides fiscal-customs stability guarantees of up to 20 years, and establishes APIM as a digital single-window authority with ICSID/UNCITRAL arbitration pathways. As of July 2025, 19 projects (≈USD 120M declared investment, 939 estimated direct jobs) had been approved under the new framework.

Nepal's Federal Parliament ratified an omnibus statute on 20–31 March 2025 converting the 13 January 2025 Presidential Ordinance into permanent law, comprehensively amending 11 Acts including the Foreign Investment and Technology Transfer Act 2019 (FITTA), the Industrial Enterprises Act 2020, and the Special Economic Zone Act 2016. The statute expands the scope of permissible foreign investment (replacing the positive-list "any industry" with the broader "any industry other than those in the Schedule"), broadens the "technology transfer" definition to include management/technical services, IT, marketing, finance, engineering, and digital-data-processing, mandates prior Department of Industry approval for foreign investor equity transfers to domestic parties, and for the first time authorises Nepali companies to invest abroad using income earned from technology exports. Repatriation approval windows are compressed to 7 days (15 days for appeals), and foreign investment in Specialised Investment Fund (SIF) units is enabled via SEBON approval.

Tunisia's Finance Law for 2025 (Loi n° 2024-48, signed 9 December 2024, published in JORT n° 149 on 10 December 2024) institutes under Article 38 a one-year Contribution Conjoncturelle — a cyclical windfall-style fiscal levy — applicable to all enterprises subject to the standard 15% corporate income tax rate whose 2023 turnover exceeded 20 million dinars (excluding VAT). The contribution is set at 2% of the taxable profits for fiscal year 2025, with a minimum floor of 1,000 dinars, and is explicitly non-deductible from the corporate income tax base. The measure is a budget-financing instrument adopted in the context of the stalled IMF Extended Fund Facility programme (suspended since 2023) and constitutes the IPTM register's second Tunisia-issuer action, extending the LF-year-on-year Tunisian fiscal-policy arc established by LF2024 Art. 33.

Government of Romania Decision (Hotărârea de Guvern) nr. 1464 of 21 November 2024, published in Monitorul Oficial Part I no. 1212bis of 3 December 2024, approves Romania's first National Strategy for Non-Energy Mineral Resources for the 2025-2035 period. The strategy is an 11-year programmatic public-policy framework spanning geological research, inventory and evaluation of critical + strategic raw materials, exploitation and advanced processing, environmental restoration of mining areas, superior valorisation of secondary resources from waste dumps and tailings ponds, geothermal water utilisation, and spa-tourism diversification. The strategy serves as Romania's domestic implementation framework under the EU Critical Raw Materials Act (Regulation 2024/1252) and is the parent authority under which Romania submitted the three CRMA Strategic-Project applications approved by the European Commission on 25 March 2025 (Euro Sun Mining gold/copper at Rovina, Salrom salt + lithium, Verde Magnesium magnesium recovery from tailings) totalling approximately €615m of investment.

On 27 June 2024 the Argentine Congress passed Law 27.742, the "Ley de Bases y Puntos de Partida para la Libertad de los Argentinos" ("Ley Bases"), the flagship economic reform of the Milei administration. The law was published in the Boletín Oficial on 8 July 2024 and Title VII established the Régimen de Incentivo para Grandes Inversiones (RIGI) — a promotional regime designed to attract large-scale capex into mining, energy, oil & gas, LNG, steel, forestry, tourism, infrastructure, and technology. Implementing Decree 749/2024 was issued on 23 August 2024 and the regime became fully operational with Resolution 1074/2024 on 22 October 2024. RIGI offers single-project vehicles ("VPUs") that commit at least USD 200M (with sector-specific thresholds rising to USD 600M and up to USD 2B for long-term "strategic export" projects) a 30-year regulatory, tax, customs and foreign-exchange stability guarantee. Headline benefits include a reduced 25% corporate income tax (vs. 35% standard), accelerated depreciation, full deductibility of inflation adjustments, an import-duty exemption on capital goods and inputs, a phased relaxation of central-bank obligations to repatriate and convert export proceeds (20% free after year one, 40% after year two, 100% after year three), and reduced dividend withholding tax. Disputes are subject to international arbitration under ICSID or UNCITRAL rules. As of mid-2025, RIGI's project pipeline reached USD 33.9B in submitted applications, of which roughly USD 15.7B (46.5%) had been approved across nine projects spanning steel (Sidersa), energy/LNG (PAE Southern Energy, YPF Argentina LNG), three mining projects, and infrastructure. The flagship approval was Rio Tinto's USD 2.5B Rincón battery-grade lithium carbonate plant in Salta (initial 53,000 t/yr, scaling to 60,000 t/yr by 2028) — the first mining project approved under the regime, on 21 May 2025. Strategically, RIGI is Argentina's bid to compete with Chile's lithium framework and Brazil's industrial policies for upstream-critical-minerals capex. Combined with the lifting of Argentina's FX controls (cepo cambiario) in April 2025 it sharply re-rates the country's project-economics math for multinationals — particularly in the Lithium Triangle, the Vaca Muerta shale, and pipeline/LNG infrastructure. Whether the 30-year stability guarantee survives a future change of government is the dominant political-risk overhang on the regime.

On 23 February 2024 Egyptian Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly announced at a press conference in the New Administrative Capital that Egypt and an ADQ-led consortium (Abu Dhabi Developmental Holding Company PJSC, with Modon Properties and Talaat Moustafa Group as development partners) had signed a framework agreement granting ADQ the development rights to Ras El-Hekma — a 170.8 million square-metre Mediterranean coastal site approximately 350 km northwest of Cairo. The USD 35bn package comprises USD 24bn in fresh foreign-currency cash for the development rights (paid in two tranches: USD 15bn within one week, USD 20bn within two months) plus USD 11bn converted from existing UAE deposits at the Central Bank of Egypt into prime-project equity stakes across Egypt. Egypt retains a 35% sovereign stake in the master-developer ("Ras Al Hekma Company"). The deal is the largest single foreign direct investment in Egypt's history; it materially eased Egypt's worst FX crisis in decades and underpinned the IMF's March 2024 USD 8bn Extended Fund Facility top-up and the EUR 7.4bn EU funding package.

Qatar's Cabinet approved and publicly launched the Third National Development Strategy (NDS3) 2024-2030 on 10 January 2024, the final-stage framework on the path to Qatar National Vision 2030. NDS3 targets average annual GDP growth of 4%, a 25% GHG-emissions reduction, and a skilled-workforce share rising to 46% of the labour force, anchored by LNG capacity expansion from ~77 mtpa to ~142 mtpa and diversification into manufacturing, logistics, financial services, and tourism clusters. It is the parent umbrella under which all sectoral implementing strategies — including the Qatar National Manufacturing Strategy 2024-2030 — and all QIA sovereign-wealth deployment criteria operate through 2030.

Ireland's Screening of Third Country Transactions Act 2023 (Act No. 28 of 2023), signed into law on 31 October 2023 and commenced on 6 January 2025 via S.I. No. 651 of 2024, establishes Ireland's first-ever mandatory inbound FDI screening regime. The Act empowers the Minister for Enterprise, Tourism and Employment to assess, condition, or prohibit transactions by third-country investors (non-EU/EEA/Switzerland) exceeding a EUR 2 million cumulative threshold in targets operating across critical infrastructure, critical technologies, dual-use items, supply of critical inputs, sensitive personal data, and media freedom. A 90-day standstill period applies during Ministerial determination, with criminal sanctions and transaction-voiding powers available for non-compliance.

On 25 July 2023 Egypt published Law No. 160 of 2023 in the Official Gazette, amending Investment Law No. 72 of 2017 to expand and modernise the country's foreign-direct-investment incentive architecture. The law universalises General Incentives (stamp-duty exemptions, land-registration-fee relief, reduced customs duties on capital goods) to all investment projects regardless of establishment date, broadens the Golden License single-permit regime to strategic/national projects and PPP infrastructure, and unlocks the Free Zones system for previously excluded energy-intensive sectors — petroleum manufacturing, fertilizers, iron and steel, LNG liquefaction and transportation — subject to Supreme Council of Energy approval. A Special Incentive of 33–55% tax credit on income from qualifying new industrial investment projects was introduced; the Special Incentives establishment window was subsequently extended three years to October 2026 by Cabinet Decree No. 1203 of 2024. As of December 2025 GAFI had approved 44 Golden Licenses under this architecture.

On 9 June 2023 the National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia adopted Zakon o spremembah in dopolnitvah Zakona o spodbujanju investicij — ZSInv-C (Act on Amendments to the Investment Promotion Act), published in Uradni list RS No. 65/23 on 17 June 2023 and entering into force on 1 July 2023. The amendment converts Slovenia's temporary COVID-era inward FDI screening regime (originally introduced under ZIUOPDVE in 2020 and set to expire June 2023) into a permanent, horizontal screening framework administered by the Ministry of Economy, Tourism and Sport (MGTŠ). Non-EU (third-country) investors acquiring ≥10% voting rights or control in Slovenian entities operating in sectors listed under EU Regulation 2019/452 — including critical infrastructure, critical technology and dual-use goods, critical inputs, sensitive data, media, and health/AI/robotics — must submit a mandatory pre-closing notification; the ministry has suspensory power and may block, condition, or unwind transactions on grounds of security or public order. A subsequent 2024 amendment (Uradni list RS No. 31/24) broadened scope by redefining "corporate entity" to capture indirect investments channelled via branches of foreign entities established in other EU member states.

President Ilham Aliyev signed Presidential Sərəncam (Order) No. 3378 on 22 July 2022 approving the Strategy for the Socio-Economic Development of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2022-2026, operationalising the Azerbaijan 2030: National Priorities for Socio-Economic Development (February 2021) across five pillars: (1) sustainably growing competitive economy, (2) dynamic inclusive socially just society, (3) competitive human capital and modern innovations, (4) Great Return to liberated territories, and (5) clean environment and green growth. The strategy serves as the master policy chassis for SOCAR's investment programme across upstream (Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli, Shah Deniz), midstream (Southern Gas Corridor — TANAP + TAP delivering ~12 bcm/year to Europe and Turkiye), and downstream (Heydar Aliyev Baku Refinery, SOCAR Turkiye STAR Refinery, SOCAR Petkim), and anchors the July 2022 EU-Azerbaijan Memorandum of Understanding on Strategic Partnership in the Field of Energy, under which Azerbaijan committed to supply more than 20 bcm/year to Europe by 2027. The strategy also provides the policy foundation for offshore wind and solar agreements with Masdar (UAE) and ACWA Power (Saudi Arabia) under the green-growth pillar, and for the Karabakh and East Zangezur economic-region reconstruction programme following the September 2023 reintegration.

OFAC final rule (FR Doc 2022-12445, 87 FR 35068) amending the Cuban Assets Control Regulations at 31 CFR Part 515 to implement elements of the Biden administration's May 16, 2022 Cuba policy announcement supporting the Cuban people. The rule reinstates the group people-to-people educational travel general license (suspended under the Trump administration) for organizations sponsoring exchanges that promote meaningful contact with Cubans and support civil society; removes the $1,000 quarterly limit on family remittances to close relatives in Cuba; authorizes donative remittances to Cuban nationals not affiliated with the government or Communist Party; and expands authorizations for professional meetings and conferences in Cuba. Effective June 9, 2022.

SOR/2022-28, registered and in force on 24 February 2022, amends the Special Economic Measures (Ukraine) Regulations to prohibit persons in Canada and Canadians abroad from making investments involving property in the so-called Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic regions, from importing, purchasing or acquiring goods from them, and from exporting goods destined for them. It also bars related financial services, technical assistance and tourism-related services. The prohibitions are territorial and apply to goods generally; no product list is itemised.

The Bahraini Council of Ministers, chaired by HRH Crown Prince and Prime Minister Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa and issued pursuant to directives of HM King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, launched the five-pillar Economic Recovery Plan on 31 October 2021 as the government's post-COVID-19 structural-adjustment and growth framework through 2024–2030. The plan catalyses a USD 30 billion strategic-projects pipeline, delivers six new priority-sector strategies (oil and gas, tourism, logistics, financial services, telecommunications/ICT, manufacturing), targets 20,000 new Bahraini jobs and 10,000 annual training slots, and mandates fiscal balance by 2024 including the doubling of VAT from 5% to 10% effective 1 January 2022 under Royal Decree 33/2021. It is the foundational parent framework for all subsequent Bahraini sectoral decrees and investment decisions through 2030, and is materially relevant to the global non-Chinese aluminium supply chain through Aluminium Bahrain (Alba), one of the world's largest non-Chinese primary aluminium smelters at approximately 1.5 million tonnes per annum.

The US Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) amended the Cuban Assets Control Regulations (31 CFR Part 515) effective 24 September 2020 to further deny the Cuban regime revenue. The rule added a new prohibition on lodging at any property on the State Department's Cuba Prohibited Accommodations List (PAL) and removed the general licence permitting travellers to import Cuban-origin alcohol and tobacco products as accompanied baggage. It also narrowed the professional meetings and conferences general licence (515.564) and the public performances, clinics, workshops, competitions, and exhibitions general licence (515.575) to exclude Cuba-related activities, closing gaps exploited under earlier travel-authorisation categories.

Tunisia's foundational horizontal investment statute, adopted by the Assemblée des représentants du peuple on 17 September 2016 and promulgated by President Béji Caïd Essebsi on 30 September 2016 (JORT N° 82, 7 October 2016), replacing the 1993 Code d'incitations aux investissements after 23 years. The law enshrines freedom of investment for domestic and foreign investors (Article 4), creates the Instance Tunisienne de l'Investissement (TIA) as a single one-stop-shop for projects between TND 15–50 million, and establishes the Conseil Supérieur de l'Investissement chaired by the Head of Government. A tiered fiscal-incentive scheme via the Fonds Tunisien de l'Investissement (FTI) rewards regional-development location, job creation, and technology-transfer commitments. The law entered into force on 1 April 2017 per Article 27 transitional provisions; the negative-list approach defining activities subject to prior authorisation was operationalised by Décret gouvernemental n° 2018-417 of 11 May 2018.