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On 9 May 2026 Mozambique's Assembleia da República approved, by consensus of all four parliamentary caucuses under an urgency procedure submitted by President Daniel Chapo, a standalone Lei de Conteúdo Local establishing the legislative-level local-content framework for the country's petroleum and natural gas megaprojects. The law was promulgated on 5 June 2026. It defines goods and services as qualifying local content when they meet at least one of three thresholds: ≥80% national production factors, ≥40% Mozambican company ownership, or a predominantly Mozambican payroll. It mandates integration of national labour, preference for Mozambican subcontractors and goods-and-services suppliers, and creates a dedicated Local Content Agency (Agência de Conteúdo Local) to oversee compliance and enforce penalties. Primary application: TotalEnergies Area 1 (Mozambique LNG) and ExxonMobil/Eni Area 4 (Rovuma LNG / Coral South).

ALNAFT officially launched the Algeria Bid Round 2026 on 19 April 2026 in Algiers, offering seven onshore exploration/development perimeters (Est Bordj Omar Driss I, Illizi Centre I, El M'Zaid Nord, El Borma II, El Hadjira III, El Benoud Est, Touggourt Sud) located in the Ouargla, Illizi, Touggourt, and El Bayadh hydrocarbon provinces. The round operates under the Loi n° 19-13 hydrocarbons framework, with the virtual data room (VDR) opening 1 June 2026, bids due 26 November 2026, and contracts to be signed no later than 31 January 2027. The initiative is Algeria's first structured multi-block bid round since the 2019 framework law restructured the upstream contractual and institutional architecture, and is materially significant to EU gas-import diversification given Algeria's approximately 12% share of EU gas supply via the Medgaz and Transmed pipelines plus LNG.

On 12 March 2026 Senegal's Primature held a press conference releasing mid-term findings of the National Commission for the Re-evaluation and Renegotiation of Petroleum, Gas, and Mining Contracts, created in August 2024 under Prime Minister Ousmane Sonko's reform programme. The Commission identified a 1,075.9 billion FCFA shortfall in the mining sector — concentrated in unpaid taxes/royalties and unauthorised tax exemptions at ICS (Industries Chimiques du Sénégal) — and announced the termination of four offshore oil-exploration blocks (Djifer Offshore, Kayar Offshore, Saint-Louis Offshore, Rufisque Offshore). Renegotiation of the Greater Tortue Ahmeyim (GTA) gas project, operated by BP with Kosmos Energy and Woodside as partners on the Senegal-Mauritania maritime border, is under active examination; the Primature projects 900 bn FCFA in incremental fiscal revenue 2026-2040 from the contract revision programme. This is Senegal's first major instance of retroactive resource-contract review under the Sonko-Faye government and establishes the legal-political baseline for subsequent contract renegotiations across the 27 mining contracts and remaining hydrocarbon licences under Commission review.

Peru's Ministry of Energy and Mines (MINEM) issued Decreto Supremo N° 002-2026-EM on 5 March 2026, modifying Decreto Supremo N° 017-2018-EM (Reglamento del Mecanismo de Racionamiento de Gas Natural) to establish a binding six-tier priority order for natural gas allocation whenever the rationing mechanism is formally activated during declared energy emergencies. Tiers prioritise residential and regulated commercial consumers at the top, followed by CNG vehicle/public-transport stations, regulated industrial consumers by volume threshold, independent consumers with firm contracts, and interruptible-contract holders at the base. The decree imposes binding obligations on natural-gas producers, pipeline-transport concessionaires, distribution concessionaires, and LNG-plant operators to optimise production and supply during declared emergencies, with Osinergmin empowered to grant temporary regulatory exemptions. The decree was triggered by the 2 March 2026 Megantini district rupture of Transportadora de Gas del Perú's (TGP) main Camisea pipeline, which reduced supply to approximately 9–10% of normal capacity and forced Cálidda (Lima/Callao distributor) to cut gas to 850 industrial users and all thermal power plants.

Mozambique's Council of Ministers, at its 6th Ordinary Session on 3 March 2026, approved resolutions establishing two Interministerial Coordination Committees — one for the Development Plan of Area 1 of the Rovuma Block (the TotalEnergies-led Mozambique LNG project, formerly Anadarko) and one for Area 4 of the Rovuma Block (the ExxonMobil/Eni-led Rovuma LNG / Coral South / Coral Norte projects). Both committees are chaired by the Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy and include the ministers of finance, economy, transport and logistics, labour, and land and environment, plus INP, the Tax Authority, and the Bank of Mozambique as technical participants. The mandate is to monitor and ensure the rapid, coordinated government assessment of amendments to the development plans for these projects, which together represent approximately USD 50bn+ in committed capital in Cabo Delgado province and are the primary drivers of Mozambique's projected fiscal revenue stream through 2060+.

On 13 February 2026 President Bola Ahmed Tinubu signed Executive Order No. 9 of 2026 directing all Production Sharing Contract operators and contractors to remit Royalty Oil, Tax Oil, Profit Oil, and Profit Gas directly to the Federation Account, bypassing prior NNPC Limited intermediated collection. The order simultaneously eliminates NNPC Limited's 30% management fee on profit oil/gas, suspends the 30% Frontier Exploration Fund deduction, and redirects Gas Flare Penalty proceeds to the Federation Account — materially walking back the fiscal architecture established under Petroleum Industry Act 2021 §§ 9 and 53. An Implementation Committee chaired by the Minister of Finance was established to operationalise the order and resolve disputes.

Brazil's national development bank BNDES acquired BRL 375 million (~USD 64.6 million) of a BRL 750 million infrastructure-debenture offering by GNA II Geração de Energia SA, with asset manager Kinea acquiring the other half. The debentures — BNDES's first infrastructure- debenture structuring with the Gás Natural Açu (GNA) group — complement a BRL 3.93 billion BNDES loan approved in 2020 for the UTE GNA II combined-cycle gas thermal plant at Porto do Açu (São João da Barra, RJ), which entered commercial operation in May 2025 with 1,672.6 MW of installed capacity. Together with UTE GNA I, the complex forms Latin America's largest natural-gas power generation park.

Regulation (EU) 2026/261 of the European Parliament and of the Council (adopted 26 January 2026, in force 3 February 2026) sets a legally binding stepwise ban on imports of Russian-origin natural gas — both liquefied (LNG) and pipeline. Russian LNG under short-term contracts signed before 17 June 2025 is prohibited from 25 April 2026; long-term LNG contracts from 1 January 2027. Russian pipeline gas under short-term contracts is prohibited from 17 June 2026; long-term pipeline gas from 30 September 2027 (latest 1 November 2027 if EU storage targets remain on track). The regulation operates outside the Russia-sanctions architecture (Article 215 TFEU) as a REPowerEU internal-market instrument, with narrow operational-amendment carve- outs and no provision for volume increases.

On 9 January 2026, the African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank) provided a USD 64 million Acquisition Finance Facility to Levene Energy Development Limited. The facility funds Levene Energy's equity commitment to Bluecore Gas Infraco Limited, which is acquiring a 30% stake in Axxela Limited, a leading West African regulated midstream/downstream gas and power infrastructure company. Global Trade Alert logs the transaction as a state-linked loan intervention given Afreximbank's supranational, treaty-based public-development-finance mandate.

On 26 December 2025, Japan's Cabinet approved the FY2026 (Reiwa 8) national budget, which the Global Trade Alert database logs as including a "Capital Investment in Oil and Natural Gas Field Exploration and Asset Acquisition Projects" financial-grant/equity line administered by METI, effective with the fiscal year on 1 April 2026. This continues the government's long-standing equity-investment scheme -- run through JOGMEC (the Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security) -- that co-funds Japanese companies' upstream oil and gas exploration, development, and M&A/asset-acquisition activity abroad. The FY2026 initial-budget allocation for this specific line is JPY 42.7 billion, down from JPY 56.3 billion in FY2025, though a JPY 19.7 billion supplementary appropriation lifts total FY2026 availability to roughly JPY 62.4 billion -- a modest net increase over FY2025 once the supplementary tranche is included.

On 26 December 2025 the President of Kazakhstan signed a law amending the Code "On Subsoil and Subsoil Use" with respect to the hydrocarbon and uranium sectors, followed on 30 December 2025 by a parallel set of amendments implementing presidential instructions on broader subsoil-use governance. Both packages take effect on 2 March 2026. The uranium amendments grant the National Atomic Company Kazatomprom (KAP) a statutory priority right to obtain exploration licences over prospective uranium areas listed in the State Subsoil Fund Management Programme, and to reserve blocks containing uranium mineralisation or deposits. Where uranium mineralisation is discovered on a solid-mineral block held by a third-party subsoil-user, an extension of that licence is conditional on the licensee surrendering the uranium-bearing block to the State; private subsoil-users no longer obtain priority production rights for uranium they discover. The amendments also raise the minimum direct or indirect Kazatomprom interest in any uranium mining project from 50% to 75%, and permit subsequent transfer to investors or joint-venture partners only subject to that 75% floor. The 30 December 2025 package establishes the National Geological Service as a non-privatisable national operator subordinate to the authorised subsoil-exploration agency and as the operator responsible for managing geological information; it also creates a Unified Subsoil Use Platform digital infrastructure (open geological-information database integrated with the Unified State System for Management of the Fuel and Energy Complex). The hydrocarbon track of the law shortens block-reservation periods and pushes unallocated plots into electronic-auction allocation to accelerate competitive exploration. The amendments accompany an announced USD 500m state geological-exploration programme.

Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), Japan's state export-credit and outbound-investment finance institution, signed a loan agreement on 2025-12-22 providing approximately USD 189 million toward a syndicated facility for UnicornMark Discovery Pte. Ltd., a special-purpose vehicle incorporated by Mitsui O.S.K. Lines (MOL) to own Singapore's first floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU). Co-lenders are MUFG Bank, DBS Bank, Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation, and Standard Chartered (Singapore). The vessel will be chartered to Singapore LNG Corporation, the state-owned LNG terminal operator, under a leasing/operation/maintenance arrangement.

The Mexican federal government published the Programa Sectorial de Energía 2025-2030 (PMSE) in the Diario Oficial de la Federación on 22 December 2025, establishing a binding five-year state-led energy-planning mandate for the Sheinbaum administration (2024-2030). The PMSE mandates a 54-46 state-to-private electricity generation mix, sets a 35 GW new clean-generation target by 2030 (13.6 GW from CFE + 22 GW from private/state/community projects), and formally supersedes the prior market-led Estrategia Nacional de Energía 2018-2032 and PRODESEN architecture. The Program is legally mandatory for all federal public administration entities including CFE, PEMEX, CENACE, and CENAGAS, operationalising the 2024 constitutional reform that restored CFE and PEMEX to strategic-sector status under Articles 27 and 28 of the Constitution.

On 20 December 2025, the African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank) signed a USD 750 million dual-tranche senior secured reserve-based lending facility for Heirs Energies Limited, a Nigerian upstream oil and gas producer chaired by Tony O. Elumelu, at a ceremony in Abuja. Afreximbank acted as Mandated Lead Arranger, Facility Agent and Security Agent; the facility is intended to optimise Heirs Energies' capital structure and fund working capital as the company pursues its field development programme on OML 17, where it produces roughly 50,000 barrels per day plus associated and non-associated gas supplying three power plants that account for about 15% of Nigeria's installed electricity-generation capacity. Global Trade Alert logs the transaction as a state-linked loan intervention given Afreximbank's supranational, treaty-based public-development-finance mandate.

On 5 December 2025, at the opening of the 14th Practical Nigerian Content Forum, Nigeria's Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board (NCDMB) unveiled a USD 100 million Equity Investment Scheme to provide equity and quasi-equity financing to high-growth indigenous energy service companies, diversifying the income base of the Nigerian Content Development Fund (NCDF). NCDMB Executive Secretary Engr. Felix Omatsola Ogbe and Bank of Industry Managing Director Dr. Olasupo Olusi signed an MOU under which BOI will manage the scheme as a new product of the Nigerian Content Intervention Fund, with a single-obligor limit of USD 5 million per investment. NCDMB also reported Nigerian content (local-participation) attainment reached 61% by Q3 2025.

The Texas Energy Fund, administered by the Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT), finalized a USD 370 million low-interest (3%) state loan to NRG Energy Inc. to fund 60% of the cost of a new 455 MW natural-gas peaking unit ("Greens Bayou 6") at the existing Greens Bayou Generating Station in Harris County, Texas. The loan runs a 20-year term (20 November 2025 to 20 November 2045); total project cost is estimated at under USD 617 million and the facility is expected online in 2028, interconnecting into the ERCOT Houston Load Zone. This is the sixth loan finalized under the TxEF's In-ERCOT Generation Loan Program, part of a state-level subsidized-lending program that has now backed over 3,500 MW of new dispatchable generation capacity to shore up ERCOT grid reliability following the 2021 winter-storm blackouts.

Mozambique's Council of Ministers, at its 39th Ordinary Session on 18 November 2025, approved the terms and conditions of a concession contract granting a state-company consortium the exclusive right to finance, construct, import, and operate (i) a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) LNG terminal at Beira and Inhassoro (Inhambane province), and (ii) the 865-km ROMPCO gas pipeline connecting Mozambican gas fields to South Africa via Komatipoort — both for a 30-year concession term. The concessionaire is a Specific Object Entity (Entidade de Objecto Específico, EOE) constituted by four state enterprises — the National Hydrocarbon Company (ENH, E.P.), Mozambique Ports & Railways (CFM), Mozambique Electricity (EDM), and Cahora Bassa Hydroelectric (HCB) — plus government-selected technical and financial partners. The decree marks the first midstream LNG infrastructure-rights award in Mozambique and represents a foundational shift toward state-led control of the country's regasification and cross-border pipeline architecture rather than concession to international IOCs.

The Texas Energy Fund (TxEF), administered by the Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT), finalized a USD 1.12 billion low-interest (3%) 20-year state loan to Competitive Power Ventures (CPV) to fund 60% of the USD 1.88 billion cost of the CPV Basin Ranch Energy Center, a 1,350 MW combined-cycle natural-gas plant in Ward County (Permian Basin), Texas. The loan term runs 28 October 2025 to 28 October 2045; the plant is expected online in 2029 in the ERCOT West Load Zone and is explicitly framed by the state as capacity to serve West Texas AI/data-center electricity demand. This is the fifth loan finalized under TxEF's In-ERCOT Generation Loan Program and the largest single project financed under it to date, taking cumulative TxEF-backed capacity above 3,100 MW.

The Texas Energy Fund (TxEF), administered by the Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT), finalized a USD 278.3 million low-interest (3%) 20-year state loan to Calpine Corporation to fund roughly 60% of the USD 464 million cost of the Pin Oak Creek Energy Center, a 460 MW natural-gas peaking (quick-start) facility in Freestone County, Texas, sited adjacent to Calpine's existing Freestone Energy Center. The plant is expected online before summer 2026 in the ERCOT North Load Zone, serving the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. This is the fourth loan finalized under TxEF's In-ERCOT Generation Loan Program, following the NRG Greens Bayou and CPV Basin Ranch tranches, and brings cumulative TxEF-backed capacity to nearly 1,800 MW.

The Texas Energy Fund (TxEF), administered by the Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT), finalized a USD 562 million low-interest (3%) 20-year state loan to NRG Energy Inc. to fund 60% of the USD 936 million cost of a new 721 MW natural-gas peaking facility at NRG's existing Cedar Bayou Generating Station in Chambers County, near Baytown, Texas. The loan runs from 26 September 2025 to 25 September 2045; the plant is expected online by summer 2028 serving the ERCOT power region. This is the third loan finalized under TxEF's In-ERCOT Generation Loan Program and the largest to date, and is NRG's second TxEF-backed tranche (following the smaller Greens Bayou 6 loan finalized two months later on 20 November 2025).

On 15 August 2025 — the day of the Putin-Trump summit in Alaska — Russia's president signed Decree No. 559, amending Decree No. 723 of 7 October 2022, which had transferred the Sakhalin-1 oil and gas project's operating entity to a new Russian operator (Sakhalinmorneftegaz-Shelf, a Rosneft subsidiary) and frozen ExxonMobil's roughly 30% operator stake. The new decree sets conditions under which a foreign consortium party may reclaim its stake in Sakhalin-1 LLC: taking demonstrable action toward lifting Western sanctions that harm the project, signing supply contracts for foreign-made equipment and parts, and transferring previously accumulated funds to the project's accounts. Japan's SODECO and India's ONGC Videsh retained their stakes through the 2022 restructuring; ExxonMobil's stake remains unclaimed, with a Kremlin-set disposal deadline of 1 January 2026.

The Crown Minerals Amendment Act 2025 (Act No. 40 of 2025), receiving Royal Assent on 5 August 2025, reverses the April 2018 Ardern-government offshore petroleum exploration ban by removing the prohibition on new offshore exploration permits beyond onshore Taranaki, re-opening New Zealand's Taranaki, East Coast, and Deepwater basins to international oil and gas investors. The Act simultaneously amends the purpose of the Crown Minerals Act 1991 from "sustainably manage" to "promote" prospecting, exploration, and mining of Crown-owned minerals — a fundamental posture shift from conservation to production. Additional provisions restructure the decommissioning-liability regime by granting the Minister of Resources discretion to re-assign liability to former permit holders, extend the confidentiality period for speculative-prospecting data by six years, and introduce a new Tier 3 permit category for small-scale non-commercial gold mining.

The Texas Energy Fund (TxEF), administered by the Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT), finalized a USD 216 million low-interest (3%) 20-year state loan to NRG Energy Inc. to fund 60% of the under-USD-360 million cost of two new natural-gas peaking units (456 MW combined) at NRG's existing TH Wharton Generating Station in Houston. The loan runs from 31 July 2025 to 30 July 2045; the facility interconnects into the ERCOT Houston Load Zone and began commercial operation by mid-2026. This is the second loan finalized under TxEF's In-ERCOT Generation Loan Program, preceding NRG's later Cedar Bayou (September 2025) and Greens Bayou (November 2025) tranches under the same program.

On 29 July 2025, the Government of British Columbia signed a CAD 200 (USD 144.9) million contribution agreement with Haisla Nation to fund the electrification infrastructure needed to run the Cedar LNG export terminal near Kitimat on clean B.C. grid power rather than on-site natural gas. The funding covers a new 287-kilovolt transmission line, a new substation, new distribution lines, and nearshore electrification, and adds to CAD 200 million in federal support for the facility announced earlier in 2025. Cedar LNG is a floating LNG terminal jointly owned by Haisla Nation and Pembina Pipeline Corporation, scheduled to begin operations in late 2028.

Minister of Trade Regulation No. 20 of 2025, signed by Minister Budi Santoso on 30 June 2025 and effective 29 August 2025 (60 days after promulgation), reorganises Indonesia's import regime for chemicals, Hazardous Materials (B2), and a defined set of mining and energy inputs. The regulation revokes Permendag 8/2024 and requires holders of designated importer status (Importir Terdaftar / Importir Produsen) to secure an Import Approval (Persetujuan Impor) plus a post-arrival Surveyor Report (Laporan Surveyor) for an eleven-cluster commodity bundle including lubricant raw materials, cement clinker and cement, rough diamonds, non-pharmaceutical precursors, crude oil and natural gas, nitrocellulose, commercial-industrial explosives, ozone-depleting substances, hydrofluorocarbons, B2, and certain other chemicals (BKT). It is one of nine commodity-cluster Permendags issued the same day under the Prabowo administration's umbrella import-policy deregulation package.

Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), Japan's state export-credit and outbound-investment finance institution, signed a loan agreement on 2025-06-27 providing USD 252 million toward a syndicated facility for White Eagle Energy Limited, a Cyprus-registered special-purpose vehicle wholly owned by Mitsui O.S.K. Lines (MOL). Co-lenders are Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation and Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank. The facility finances White Eagle's acquisition of a newly built floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) — Poland's first — which will be chartered to Operator Gazociągów Przesyłowych GAZ-SYSTEM S.A., Poland's state-owned gas transmission operator, under a leasing/operation/maintenance arrangement.

The Canada Infrastructure Bank committed a CAD 50 million (approx. USD 36.5 million) loan to Creative Energy, an operator of district energy systems, to finance deep-decarbonization building-retrofit projects in British Columbia and Ontario. The financing is part of CIB's Building Retrofits Initiative, under which the Bank has committed more than CAD 1.2 billion to sustainable building upgrades. The flagship project under the loan retrofits 12 buildings at Thompson Rivers University in Kamloops, BC, switching from natural-gas heating to a centralized air-source/water-source heat-pump district system projected to cut heating-related emissions at the campus by 95%.

Mozambique's Ministry of Mineral Resources and Energy (MIREME) published a comprehensive revision of the 2014 Petroleum Law (Lei n.º 21/2014) in June 2025, tabled before the Assembleia da República for debate on 7 May 2026. The revision mandates a minimum 25% domestic-market quota for all oil, gas, and LNG produced under concessions (exclusively for national consumption), requires 100% of condensate output to be allocated domestically, and introduces idle-block penalty charges for concessionaires that fail to develop assigned blocks within prescribed periods. It also elevates the Instituto Nacional de Petróleo (INP) to full Regulatory Authority status with inspection and sanctioning powers, and establishes a mandatory minimum state Participating Interest with a free-carry obligation through to commercial production.

President Bola Ahmed Tinubu signed the Upstream Petroleum Operations (Cost Efficiency Incentives) Order, 2025 on 29 May 2025, introducing a performance-based tax-credit framework for upstream oil and gas operators who beat NUPRC-set Unit Operating Cost benchmarks. Eligible lessees, licensees, and PSC contractors receive tax credits capped at 20% of their annual petroleum tax liability per licence area, applied against Petroleum Profits Tax, Hydrocarbon Tax, or Companies Income Tax. The Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) conducts annual terrain-specific (onshore, shallow-water, deep-offshore) Unit Operating Cost benchmarking, and the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) co-administers with claw-back provisions for non-compliance; the regime runs through 31 May 2035.

On 8 May 2025 the Verkhovna Rada ratified the 30 April 2025 Washington intergovernmental agreement establishing the U.S.-Ukraine Reconstruction Investment Fund (draft law 0309, 338 of 450 MPs in favour); President Zelenskyy signed the ratification law on 12 May 2025. On 4 June 2025 the Rada then adopted in second reading and as a whole the implementing amendments to the Budget Code of Ukraine (draft law 13256, 309 MPs in favour), which credit half of royalties from new licences for the extraction of minerals of national importance (per Annex A of Cabinet Resolution 845) and half of state share revenues under new production-sharing agreements to a State Budget special fund earmarked for transfer to the joint Fund. The Fund is jointly managed 50/50 by the US International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) and a Ukrainian state entity, gives the US first-look preferential access to new lithium, titanium, REE, graphite, uranium and oil-and-gas projects, and is the structural anchor of the 2025 US critical-minerals pivot away from China.

President Shavkat Mirziyoyev signed Decree No. UP-47 on 14 March 2025, introducing export duties on 86 categories of goods to incentivise domestic processing of strategic raw materials and align Uzbekistan's trade policy with WTO norms. The measure replaces the existing system of export permits for many commodities with ad-valorem duties, phased in across three tranches (June 2025, July 2025, January 2026 and January 2028). Headline rates include 100% on cotton lint, scrap metal, flour and rice; 30% on wheat and meat; and 10-20% on copper, polymers and natural gas — a dual-purpose instrument combining food-security supply controls with industrial-policy downstreaming incentives.

Papua New Guinea's National Parliament passed the National Petroleum Authority Act 2025 on 12 March 2025 (vote 84–0), establishing the National Petroleum Authority (NPA) as a new statutory regulator replacing the Department of Petroleum and Energy. The companion Oil and Gas (Amendment) Act 2025 was passed the same week, realigning the Oil and Gas Act 1998 licensing framework with NPA oversight. Both Acts commenced on 9 April 2025 via Notice in the National Gazette. A new 0.5% gross-revenue levy on crude oil, natural gas, LNG, condensates, and LPG applies to all Petroleum Production Licence holders, directly affecting ExxonMobil's PNG LNG (8.3 Mtpa), TotalEnergies' Papua LNG (4 Mtpa, FID expected 2026–27), and Santos' legacy Oil Search holdings.

President Trump signed Executive Order 14154 "Unleashing American Energy" on 20 January 2025, his first day in office, declaring a national energy emergency and directing a sweeping reversal of Biden-era energy trade and production restrictions. The order directed the Department of Energy to immediately resume processing LNG export licence applications for non-Free Trade Agreement countries — reversing the Biden DOE pause in place since 26 January 2024 — and instructed DOE to weight allies' energy security in the "public interest" determination under the Natural Gas Act. It also rescinded multiple Biden executive orders including EO 14082 (advancing clean energy), EO 14037 (strengthening Buy American), EO 14072, and EO 14151, and reopened offshore drilling, federal coal leasing, and ANWR exploration under expedited permit timelines.

The US Treasury and IRS published the final regulations implementing §45V of the Inflation Reduction Act, establishing the Clean Hydrogen Production Tax Credit. The rule codifies the 45VH2-GREET lifecycle-emissions methodology and three electricity-sourcing pillars — additionality (new-build requirement within 36 months), temporal matching (annual until 2030, then hourly), and deliverability (same grid-balancing region) — that determine credit eligibility for electrolytic pathways. Credits range from $0.60/kg (2.5–4.0 kg CO₂e/kg H₂) to $3.00/kg (below 0.45 kg CO₂e/kg H₂), representing the primary US hydrogen industrial-policy instrument for the 2025–2034 cycle and the global benchmark for green-hydrogen additionality rules.

Mauritania's Loi n°2024-045 of 18 December 2024 establishes a horizontal local-content statutory framework covering the mining, hydrocarbons, gas, and energy sectors. The law requires operators and their subcontractors to submit triennial forecasting plans and annual performance reports on national employment and local-supplier integration, and mandates a Conseil National du Contenu Local to develop national strategy and policy. An implementing decree approved by the Council of Ministers on 2 September 2025 operationalises the law's institutional architecture, creating a digital monitoring platform for centralised employment and subcontracting traceability and introducing performance-incentive and administrative-sanction regimes.

On 24 June 2024 the Council of the European Union adopted Council Regulation (EU) 2024/1745, the 14th package of restrictive measures against Russia, amending Regulation (EU) 833/2014. The package introduces the EU's first targeted measures against Russian LNG (a ban on EU-port transhipment to third countries after a 9-month transition, and a prohibition on EU investment and goods/services exports to Russian LNG projects under construction such as Arctic LNG 2 and Murmansk LNG), bans EU entities outside Russia from using the SPFS Russian financial-messaging system, designates 27 named "shadow-fleet" tankers under a new vessel-specific port-access ban, and imposes a "best-efforts" obligation on EU parents to ensure non-EU subsidiaries do not engage in sanctions circumvention. It adds 116 new listings (69 individuals, 47 entities), including third-country circumvention enablers, to the asset-freeze and travel-ban regime.

Released 9 May 2024 by the Minister for Resources Madeleine King through the Department of Industry, Science and Resources, the Future Gas Strategy is Australia's first national-level gas-policy framework, explicitly committing gas to a continuing supply role "through to 2050 and beyond" in support of the net-zero transition. The Strategy is built on six guiding principles -- gas must remain affordable for Australian users during transition, reliable supply requires new sources, emissions from production and use must be reduced, gas exports remain critical to global decarbonisation pathways, competitive gas markets are essential, and collaboration is needed to deliver these objectives -- and is paired with a separate Future Gas Strategy Analytical Report. It sets the Commonwealth policy posture for all subsequent LNG-export approval decisions (Northwest Shelf, Beetaloo, Scarborough), east-coast domestic-supply policy (including the AEMO gas-statement-of- opportunities forecast and any future domestic-reservation intervention), and Australia's international posture on long-term LNG offtake renewals with Japan, Korea and Taiwan.

On 28 February 2024 President Bola Ahmed Tinubu signed one executive order and two presidential directives to revive upstream oil and gas investment in Nigeria after years of declining FDI: (i) the Oil and Gas Companies (Tax Incentives, Exemption, Remission, etc.) Order, 2024 — establishing a gas tax credit for non-associated gas (NAG) greenfield projects and fiscal enablers for deep-water oil and gas; (ii) the Presidential Directive on Local Content Compliance Requirements, 2024 — instructing the NCDMB to adapt enforcement of the Local Content Act to in-country capacity gaps; and (iii) the Presidential Directive on Reduction of Petroleum Sector Contracting Costs and Timelines, 2024 — streamlining NUPRC and NNPCL contracting approvals. Effective immediately on signing.

South Korea's National Assembly enacted the Special Act on National Resource Security (국가자원안보 특별법, Act No. 20114) on 6 February 2024, with the law taking effect on 7 February 2025 alongside its Enforcement Decree (adopted 14 January 2025). The statute is the first horizontal Korean resource-security framework, covering oil, natural gas, coal, hydrogen and government-designated critical minerals. It establishes a four-tier crisis-alert system (관심·주의·경계·심각 / Attention · Caution · Alert · Serious) under a MOTIE-led inter-ministerial committee, authorises emergency-import measures, mandatory stockpile build/release orders, supply-chain disclosure obligations and price-control powers during designated crises, and requires a five-year basic resource-security plan. The Act operationalises through Korea National Oil Corp., Korea Gas Corp. and the post-2024 KORES successor agency (KOMIR), and creates a statutory designation framework for "selected critical materials" (선도사업자) and "core resource-security companies" eligible for fiscal and financial support.

Qatar's Cabinet approved and publicly launched the Third National Development Strategy (NDS3) 2024-2030 on 10 January 2024, the final-stage framework on the path to Qatar National Vision 2030. NDS3 targets average annual GDP growth of 4%, a 25% GHG-emissions reduction, and a skilled-workforce share rising to 46% of the labour force, anchored by LNG capacity expansion from ~77 mtpa to ~142 mtpa and diversification into manufacturing, logistics, financial services, and tourism clusters. It is the parent umbrella under which all sectoral implementing strategies — including the Qatar National Manufacturing Strategy 2024-2030 — and all QIA sovereign-wealth deployment criteria operate through 2030.

President Ilham Aliyev signed Presidential Sərəncam (Order) No. 3378 on 22 July 2022 approving the Strategy for the Socio-Economic Development of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2022-2026, operationalising the Azerbaijan 2030: National Priorities for Socio-Economic Development (February 2021) across five pillars: (1) sustainably growing competitive economy, (2) dynamic inclusive socially just society, (3) competitive human capital and modern innovations, (4) Great Return to liberated territories, and (5) clean environment and green growth. The strategy serves as the master policy chassis for SOCAR's investment programme across upstream (Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli, Shah Deniz), midstream (Southern Gas Corridor — TANAP + TAP delivering ~12 bcm/year to Europe and Turkiye), and downstream (Heydar Aliyev Baku Refinery, SOCAR Turkiye STAR Refinery, SOCAR Petkim), and anchors the July 2022 EU-Azerbaijan Memorandum of Understanding on Strategic Partnership in the Field of Energy, under which Azerbaijan committed to supply more than 20 bcm/year to Europe by 2027. The strategy also provides the policy foundation for offshore wind and solar agreements with Masdar (UAE) and ACWA Power (Saudi Arabia) under the green-growth pillar, and for the Karabakh and East Zangezur economic-region reconstruction programme following the September 2023 reintegration.

Loi n° 2022-408, promulgated by President Alassane Ouattara on 13 June 2022 and published in the Journal Officiel de la République de Côte d'Ivoire (JORCI) on 19 September 2022, is the foundational local-content statute governing the entire petroleum and gas value chain in Côte d'Ivoire. The law mandates employment priority for Ivorian nationals, preference for Ivorian-registered enterprises in goods-and-services procurement, expatriate-substitution timelines, and technology-transfer obligations on all concessionnaires, co-contractors, and sub-contractors operating in upstream and midstream petroleum and gas activities. Implementing Décret n° 2023-441 du 24 mai 2023 created the Comité de Suivi du Contenu Local under the Ministre du Pétrole and the Plateforme du Contenu Local digital monitoring system under the Direction Générale des Hydrocarbures (DGH), operationalising annual reporting and three-year forecasting plan requirements for operators.

Angola's President João Lourenço signed Decreto Presidencial n.º 271/20 on 20 October 2020, replacing Order n.º 127/03 of 2003 and establishing the Regime Jurídico do Conteúdo Local do Sector dos Petróleos (RJCLSP). The decree divides petroleum-sector contracting into three regimes — exclusivity (reserved for Angolan nationals and companies), preference (Angolan-majority bidders take priority), and open competition with mandatory local-content scoring — covering all goods and services contracts entered into by concessionaires and their full subcontracting chains. The Ministério dos Recursos Minerais, Petróleo e Gás (MIREMPET) supervises compliance, with non-inclusion of mandatory local-content clauses penalised at USD 50,000–200,000 per infraction and escalating to contract cancellation for repeat offenders. The RJCLSP applies to all IOCs operating Angolan offshore blocks, including TotalEnergies (Block 17), ExxonMobil (Block 15), Chevron (Blocks 0, 14, 14K), BP (Block 31), Eni (Blocks 2, 14, 15/06), and Equinor, as well as their oilfield-services subcontractor chains.

Algeria's Law n° 19-13 of 11 December 2019, published in Journal Officiel N° 79 of 22 December 2019, replaces the 2005 hydrocarbons law (Loi n° 05-08) and restructures the entire upstream oil and gas legal-fiscal framework. The law reintroduces Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) and Risk Service Contracts (RSC) alongside the legacy royalty-and-tax Participation Contract model that the 2005 statute had offered as the sole contractual form, and establishes a new three-way institutional architecture separating the Ministry of Energy (policy), Autorité de Régulation des Hydrocarbures (ARH, upstream regulator), and Agence Nationale pour la Valorisation des Ressources en Hydrocarbures (ALNAFT, licensing authority) from Sonatrach's operational NOC role. Sonatrach retains a statutory minimum-participation right and pre-emption privilege across all upstream contracts, while fiscal terms are restructured with basin-maturity and project-economics calibration to attract international investment after the 2014 oil-price collapse froze new entrants.

Senegal's National Assembly adopted Loi n° 2019-04 on 24 January 2019 and President Macky Sall promulgated it on 1 February 2019, establishing the foundational legal framework for maximising Senegalese participation across the entire hydrocarbon value chain — from exploration through decommissioning. The law creates three activity-classification regimes (exclusif, mixte, non-exclusif), mandates priority employment of Senegalese workers, and creates two implementing bodies: the Comité National de Suivi du Contenu Local (CNSCL, via Décret 2020-2046) and the Fonds d'appui au développement du contenu local (FADCL, via Décret 2020-2048). It underpins all petroleum contracts under which Petrosen, Woodside (Sangomar, first oil June 2024), bp/Kosmos (GTA Tortue Ahmeyim, first gas December 2024), and future Yakaar-Teranga development licenses operate.

On 27 December 2017 President Nursultan Nazarbayev signed Code No. 125-VI ZRK "On Subsoil and Subsoil Use," a wholesale recodification replacing the 2010 Subsoil Use Law that entered into force on 29 June 2018 (with certain provisions deferred to 1 January 2019). The Code establishes the licensing architecture for all mineral extraction in Kazakhstan — the world's leading uranium producer (~40% of global U₃O₈ output, ~22,000 tU/yr) and a top-11 oil exporter (~1.8 mbpd) — covering solid minerals, hydrocarbons, and uranium under a single codified framework. For solid minerals the Code introduces a liberalised "first-come first-served" auction-free licence model for non-strategic deposits and a state-tender model for strategic deposits, alongside subsoil-use rights transfer and pledge provisions governing all M&A in the sector. For uranium the Code codifies the National Atomic Company Kazatomprom's statutory role as state operator over all uranium blocks, with government priority pre-emption rights and mandatory Kazatomprom participation in all production licences. For hydrocarbons the Code establishes the concession and production-sharing framework governing the pre-salt Caspian mega-projects (Tengiz, Karachaganak, Kashagan) and the model contract architecture for petroleum products. Horizontal obligations — local Kazakh-content procurement floors, social-package requirements, and environmental-restoration mine-closure security — apply across all subsoil-use categories. Structurally this Code is the parent statute for every subsequently filed KZ action: the 2023-12-28 REE Comprehensive Plan and the 2025-12-26 Kazatomprom uranium-priority amendments both operate under delegated authority created by this Code.

Tanzania's Parliament enacted Act No. 5 of 2017, the Natural Wealth and Resources (Permanent Sovereignty) Act, as part of a landmark resource-nationalism legislative trio (alongside Act No. 6 on unconscionable contract renegotiation and Written Laws Miscellaneous Amendments No. 7), signed into law by President John Magufuli on 4 July 2017. The Act vests all of Tanzania's natural wealth and resources — minerals, oil and natural gas, fisheries, wildlife, forestry, water, and related sub-surface assets — as the permanent and inalienable property of the People of the United Republic, held in trust by the President on their behalf. Key operative provisions prohibit international commercial arbitration of natural-resource disputes (mandating adjudication within Tanzanian courts under Tanzanian law), empower Parliament to review and require renegotiation of any natural-resource arrangement containing "unconscionable terms," impose an in-country banking rule on earnings from natural wealth extraction, and authorise statutory override of contractual stabilisation clauses embedded in pre-2017 mining development agreements. The Act is the foundational parent statute underpinning all subsequent Tanzanian mining-sector reform, including the 2024 Written Laws (Miscellaneous Amendments) (No. 4) Act critical/strategic minerals classification and the 2025 Finance Act mining amendments.