Industrial Policy & Trade Monitor· 2667 actions· ✨ 89 recent

The European Commission adopted Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1373 on June 22, 2026, imposing definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of 1,4-butanediol (BDO) originating from China, Saudi Arabia, and the United States. The regulation was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on June 24, 2026. BDO is a chemical intermediate used in engineering plastics (polyurethane, PBT), solvents, and battery electrolyte solvents (gamma-butyrolactone derivative). China is the dominant global BDO producer and the primary source of injurious dumped imports into the EU. The regulation also definitively collects provisional duties previously imposed under Regulation (EU) 2026/270.

On 20 May 2026, the Council of the EU and the European Parliament reached a provisional political agreement on two Commission regulations implementing the tariff elements of the EU-US Joint Statement of 21 August 2025. The main regulation (COM(2025)0471) eliminates remaining EU customs duties on US industrial goods and grants preferential market access for US seafood and non-sensitive agricultural products. The second regulation (COM(2025)0472) extends the suspension of EU duties on US lobster imports (including processed lobster) retroactively from 1 August 2025. Both regulations sunset on 31 December 2029 and include a Commission safeguard mechanism to suspend concessions if the US fails to meet its Joint Statement commitments.

The European Commission and the US announced on 24 April 2026 the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on a strategic partnership on critical minerals, accompanied by an EU-US Critical Minerals Action Plan. The framework deepens cooperation on supply-chain security across the strategic raw-materials list shared between the two jurisdictions — joint financing, recycling, mutual recognition of strategic- project status under the EU Critical Raw Materials Act (filed: 2024-05-23-eu-crma-entry-into-force) and US IRA §30D / §45X frameworks (filed: 2022-08-16-us-inflation-reduction-act). The agreement is positioned as a joint response to non-market practices in third-country supply chains for the named materials.

The European Commission approved Germany's €3.8 billion industrial electricity price relief scheme (Industriestrompreis, State Aid Case SA.120495) on 16 April 2026 under Section 5 of the Clean Industrial Deal State Aid Framework (CISAF), covering the period 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2028. The scheme compensates companies in 91 electricity- and trade-intensive sectors for electricity costs above a reference wholesale price floor, subject to a binding conditionality requiring reinvestment of at least 50% of aid in decarbonisation assets within 48 months. The Commission approved the German scheme as part of a coordinated three-Member-State decision also covering parallel Bulgarian and Slovenian electricity price relief schemes, with the combined package totalling approximately €4.22 billion. This is the largest individual CISAF disbursement approved to date, at 11.4× the scale of the parallel Bulgaria SA.120414 scheme (€334m), and establishes the Section-5 upper-bound precedent for EU energy-intensive-industry relief.

On 13 April 2026 the Council of the EU and the European Parliament reached a provisional political agreement, in trilogue with the Commission, on the new EU steel safeguard regulation that will replace the existing WTO-safeguard-based measure (Regulation (EU) 2019/159, last tightened by Implementing Regulation 2025/612) expiring on 30 June 2026. The agreement adopts the core architecture of the Commission's October 2025 proposal (procedure 2025/0726(COD)): an overall duty-free tariff-rate quota of approximately 18.3 million tonnes per year — a roughly 47% reduction versus the 2024 safeguard quotas — covering 30 product categories, with the out-of-quota customs duty raised from 25% to 50%. The deal also introduces a mandatory "country of melt and pour" declaratory requirement on steel imports and obliges the Commission to assess, within two years, whether the country of melt-and-pour should become the basis for country-specific TRQ allocations (closing transhipment loopholes that have allowed Chinese-melted steel to enter via third-country processors). The co-legislators added a reinforced and time-bound review mechanism: a first Commission review of product scope within six months of entry into force, with subsequent biennial scope reviews thereafter. Statutorily, this is a NEW instrument — a regulation adopted under the ordinary legislative procedure, not an implementing act under the WTO Agreement on Safeguards / Regulation (EU) 2015/478 — so it is filed as a new action with a `responds_to` link to the predecessor regime. Formal adoption by Council and EP plenary is expected in May 2026 ahead of the 1 July 2026 application date.

The European Commission adopted Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/801 on 9 April 2026, imposing provisional anti-dumping duties on imports of terephthalic acid (PTA, purity ≥99.5% by weight, CAS 100-21-0, CN code ex 2917 36 00 / TARIC 2917 36 00 11) originating in the Republic of Korea and Mexico, published in the OJ on 10 April 2026 and entering into force the following day. Duty rates are exporter-specific: Korean producers face 6.2% (Samnam Petrochemical, Hanwha Impact) to 13.7% (all other), with Taekwang Industrial Co. found not to be dumping (0%); all Mexican exporting producers face a flat 25.7%. The investigation was opened 13 August 2025 following a complaint by EU producer Ineos Aromatics.

On 1 May 2026 the trade pillar of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (the "Interim Trade Agreement", iTA) entered provisional application between the European Union and the four Mercosur states — Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay — following its publication in the EU Official Journal on 27 February 2026 alongside the broader EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA). The iTA covers goods (eliminating duties on more than 90% of bilateral trade over a transition period including immediate cuts on cars, pharmaceuticals, wine and olive oil), services, government procurement at federal and state level, intellectual property (344 EU geographical indications protected), SPS/TBT disciplines, and a sustainability chapter. Mercosur receives tariff-rate quotas on agri-food exports (beef, poultry, sugar, ethanol, honey). Provisional application proceeds pending full ratification of EMPA by the Council, European Parliament and all EU national parliaments and a pending CJEU opinion; only the trade pillar applies provisionally.

The European Investment Fund (EIF), part of the EIB Group, announced on 9 February 2026 an anchor investment of EUR 300 million (~USD 354.8 million) in Seaya Growth Tech Fund I, a Spain-based pan-European growth venture capital vehicle targeting a EUR 1 billion final close. The commitment is made under the European Tech Champions Initiative (ETCI), and the fund will make growth-stage (Series C+) equity investments in European companies across applied AI, deep-tech, fintech, climate solutions, smart manufacturing, supply-chain resilience, capital-market autonomy, cybersecurity and environmental technology. Global Trade Alert separately logs the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-linked financial-investment-support intervention.

The Council of the EU adopted Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/262, implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1529 concerning restrictive measures in view of Iran's military support to Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine. The listing adds 4 individuals and 6 entities to the EU asset freeze, bringing the total under this regime to 24 individuals and 26 entities. Newly listed entities include Fanavaran Sanat Ertebatat Company and front-company trader Sahara Thunder (UAV electronic components and guidance systems), and Shahid Bagheri Industrial Group, Khojir Missile Development and Production, and procurement firm Pishgaman Tejarat Rafi Novin Co. (ballistic missile manufacturing and propellant-precursor procurement). All funds and economic resources of the listed parties are frozen within the EU, and EU persons/entities are barred from making funds available to them.

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 400 million, seven-year loan agreement with Swedish hygiene and health group Essity on 29 January 2026 (EIB project ref. 20210374, "Essity Health and Hygiene Products RDI") to finance research, development and innovation expenditure at Essity's R&D centres in Sweden, Germany and France over 2025-2028. The financing targets product and process development across Personal Care, Professional Hygiene and medical wound care, with emphasis on replacing fossil-based plastics with bio-based materials, cutting greenhouse-gas emissions and expanding digital manufacturing solutions; roughly 30% of the RDI spend is earmarked for feminine-care and incontinence-product research. Global Trade Alert separately logs the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending intervention (state act 96020 / intervention 151945).

On 29 January 2026, European Council President António Costa and Vietnamese Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính signed a Joint Statement in Hanoi upgrading EU-Vietnam bilateral relations to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP) — the highest tier in Vietnam's diplomatic hierarchy, placing the EU on the same level as Vietnam's CSPs with China, Russia, India, South Korea, Japan, Australia, France, and the United States. The CSP establishes a reinforced bilateral cooperation framework spanning critical raw materials, semiconductor supply chains, artificial intelligence, trusted 5G infrastructure, climate and energy transition, security and defence (including cyber and maritime), and full implementation of the 2019 EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) tariff-elimination schedule plus ratification of the EU-Vietnam Investment Protection Agreement (EVIPA). It is the EU's eleventh CSP globally and its second in Southeast Asia (after Singapore, 2024), and constitutes the foundational bilateral parent framework for all future EU-Vietnam cooperation under the EU Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) Article 13 third-country strategic-project designation pipeline, given Vietnam's approximately 22 Mt rare-earth reserves — the world's second-largest deposit after China.

On 27 January 2026 the European Union and India announced the conclusion of negotiations on a comprehensive Free Trade Agreement at the EU-India summit hosted at Hyderabad House in New Delhi, attended by PM Narendra Modi, Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and Council President António Costa. The deal — described by both leaders as the "mother of all deals" — covers ~25% of world GDP and ~2 billion people. The EU eliminates duties on 91% of tariff lines (covering 99.3% of bilateral trade by value); India eliminates duties on 86% of lines (covering 96.6% by value). Headline cuts include Indian tariffs on EU wines (150% → 75% at entry into force, falling to 20%), olive oil (45% → 0% over five years) and processed agri-food (up to 50% eliminated); EU tariffs are reduced/eliminated on Indian textiles, leather/footwear, gems and jewelry, marine products, tea, coffee, spices and certain agricultural and steel products. The agreement still requires Council adoption, European Parliament consent and approval by India's Union Council of Ministers; entry into force is expected in early 2027. Companion instruments concluded at the same summit include an EU-India Security and Defence Partnership and a Mobility and Migration Agreement.

Regulation (EU) 2026/261 of the European Parliament and of the Council (adopted 26 January 2026, in force 3 February 2026) sets a legally binding stepwise ban on imports of Russian-origin natural gas — both liquefied (LNG) and pipeline. Russian LNG under short-term contracts signed before 17 June 2025 is prohibited from 25 April 2026; long-term LNG contracts from 1 January 2027. Russian pipeline gas under short-term contracts is prohibited from 17 June 2026; long-term pipeline gas from 30 September 2027 (latest 1 November 2027 if EU storage targets remain on track). The regulation operates outside the Russia-sanctions architecture (Article 215 TFEU) as a REPowerEU internal-market instrument, with narrow operational-amendment carve- outs and no provision for volume increases.

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 175 million green loan with Iberdrola on 15 January 2026 to finance two new wind farms (274 MW combined, 38 turbines of 7.2 MW) integrated into Iberdrola's Tâmega pumped-storage hydropower complex in northern Portugal, part of a roughly EUR 350 million total investment. The loan is guaranteed by Spain's export credit agency Cesce, marking the second use of the EIB-Cesce guarantee instrument that backs green projects led by Spanish companies outside Spain. Global Trade Alert logs the loan as a "red" state-loan intervention on the same grounds as the first Cesce-backed EIB-Iberdrola operation (Windanker, Germany): below-market multilateral financing to a named commercial developer, underwritten by a national export credit agency.

Council Regulation (EU) 2025/2614, adopted 12 December 2025 and published in the Official Journal on 22 December 2025, amends Regulation (EU) 2021/2283 and issues a wholesale replacement of the EU's autonomous import tariff-rate quota (ATQ) list, superseding the prior version dated December 2013 and its last update in June 2025. It applies from 1 January 2026 and grants duty-free or reduced-duty access, within fixed volume ceilings, for a broad set of agricultural and industrial inputs including basic organic chemicals, tanning/dyeing extracts, and fertilizer/pesticide inputs not produced in sufficient quantity within the Union. Global Trade Alert logs it as a "Red" (trade-liberalising but discriminatory-in-effect) intervention because the quota volumes are finite even though the duty treatment is erga omnes.

The European Investment Bank signed the first EUR 231 million tranche (EUR 16m + EUR 50m + EUR 165m) of a EUR 271 million green loan to Italy's Sunprime Holdings Srl on 22 December 2025, under the EIB-approved "Project Sophocles" solar-and-battery programme (project reference 20250247, approved 27 August 2025). The financing backs a EUR 487 million multi-year investment programme deploying roughly 280 MWp of small-scale solar PV across multiple Italian sites plus 80 MW and 270 MW of four-hour battery energy storage. A further EUR 40 million tranche signed in February 2026, and the programme was subsequently expanded to a EUR 507 million EIB/Natixis CIB co-financing package announced in March 2026. Global Trade Alert logs the December tranche as a "red" state-loan intervention on grounds that below-market EIB financing is a trade- and competition-distorting subsidy to a domestic renewable-energy developer.

The European Investment Bank and Intesa Sanpaolo announced on 22 December 2025 two finalised agreements totalling EUR 700 million to support access to finance and investment for Italian SMEs and mid-caps: a EUR 500 million EIB covered-bond purchase and a EUR 200 million EIB risk-sharing guarantee to Intesa Sanpaolo backing new mid-cap lending. Twenty-five percent of the combined resources (about EUR 175 million) is earmarked for climate action, including energy efficiency, renewable energy, and sustainable-mobility investment. The EIB estimates the package will mobilise more than EUR 1.9 billion in real-economy investment and reach roughly 1,000 Italian businesses. Global Trade Alert separately logs the EUR 200 million guarantee leg as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending-support intervention.

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 146 million (USD 171 million) loan with Kronospan, a leading European producer of wood-based panels, on 19 December 2025. The financing backs deployment of rooftop and ground-mounted solar photovoltaic installations, battery energy storage, and electric-vehicle infrastructure across Kronospan's manufacturing sites in Poland, Czechia and Slovakia, aimed at cutting emissions and boosting energy independence. Global Trade Alert logs the loan as a "red" state-loan intervention on grounds that below-market EIB financing to a named commercial manufacturer is a trade- and competition-distorting subsidy.

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 250 million unfunded partial-delegation risk-sharing operation with Natixis on 19 December 2025 (EIB project ref. 20240252, "Natixis Pan-EU Wind Power Package"), under the EIB's broader Pan-EU Wind Power Package Risk Sharing envelope (ref. 20230650, approved 13 December 2023, EUR 6.5 billion EIB exposure against a total programme size of roughly EUR 104 billion). Natixis will issue advance-payment and performance guarantees to original equipment manufacturers supplying wind farm components — turbines, grid-connection infrastructure, cables, transformer stations and sub-stations — against a total project cost of roughly EUR 4 billion, with the EIB citing an expected mobilisation of approximately EUR 8 billion in wind energy equipment investment across the EU. Global Trade Alert separately logs the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending-support intervention (state act 95948 / intervention 151841).

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 200 million risk-sharing guarantee with Banco Santander SA on 19 December 2025 under the "Santander Pan-EU Defence Supply Chain" project (EIB ref. 20250338), against a total project cost of EUR 560 million. The instrument targets large corporate buyers and their suppliers whose main activity is in the security and defence sector, addressing financing gaps tied to information asymmetry, collateral constraints and credit-screening frictions. The EIB frames the operation under Article 309(c) TFEU, tying it to European strategic autonomy and defence-industrial resilience objectives; Global Trade Alert separately logged the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending-support intervention.

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 250 million guarantee tranche with Banco Santander SA on 19 December 2025 (approved 2 December 2025) under the "Santander Pan-EU Supply Chain" project (EIB ref. 20231000), part of a proposed EUR 500 million total EIB commitment mobilising an estimated EUR 1,200 million in on-lending. The EIB assumes credit risk on new "confirming line" reverse-factoring facilities, letting Santander extend supply-chain finance on better terms to SMEs, mid-caps and EU strategic-sector suppliers, including higher-risk buyers. Global Trade Alert separately logged the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending-support intervention.

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 200 million risk-sharing guarantee with Piraeus Bank SA on 19 December 2025 under the "Piraeus Bank Growth4MidCaps LRS II" facility, mobilising a total portfolio of EUR 560 million in on-lending to Greek mid-cap companies. The guarantee gives Piraeus Bank concentration relief, credit-loss protection and capital relief so it can offer eligible mid-caps lower interest rates, longer maturities and reduced collateral requirements. The scheme is horizontal (no sector or material targeting disclosed) and was separately logged by Global Trade Alert as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending-support intervention.

The European Commission initiated an anti-dumping investigation on 19 December 2025 (Case AD747, notice published in OJ C/2025/6744) into imports of sodium benzoate (CN code ex 2916 31 00, CUS 0023120-9, CAS 532-32-1) originating in China, following a complaint from Lanxess Chemical B.V. filed on 10 November 2025. The Commission first made imports subject to customs registration via Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/366 of 19 February 2026. On 27 July 2026 the Commission adopted Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1854, published 28 July 2026, imposing provisional antidumping duties ranging from 57.6% to 116.4% by exporter. The measure remains provisional pending the investigation's final outcome.

The European Commission initiated an anti-dumping investigation on 19 December 2025 (Case AD748, notice published in OJ C/2025/6741) into imports of benzyl alcohol (CN code 2906 21 00, CAS 100-51-6) originating in China, following a complaint from EU producers LANXESS Deutschland GmbH, LANXESS Chemical B.V. and Vynova Advanced Organics Maastricht B.V. The Commission first made imports subject to customs registration via Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/362 of 17 February 2026, preserving the option to apply duties retroactively. On 28-29 July 2026 the Commission published a provisional antidumping duty on Chinese benzyl alcohol, reported by trade press to be in the 52.6%-71.2% range pending independent confirmation of the exact implementing regulation and per-exporter rates. The measure remains provisional pending the investigation's final outcome, expected within the statutory deadline.

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 400 million unfunded risk-sharing guarantee operation with Barclays Europe on 18 December 2025 (EIB project ref. 20250198, "Barclays Pan-EU Wind Power Package RS"), the first-ever EIB-Barclays cooperation and a bank-level sub-operation under the EIB's broader Pan-EU Wind Power Package Risk Sharing envelope. Barclays will issue counter-guaranteed advance-payment and performance bonds to wind-energy original equipment manufacturers (turbines, cables, substations, foundations, grid interconnectors), with EUR 250 million of the guarantee capacity earmarked for Germany and EUR 150 million for other EU member states, and the EIB citing an expected mobilisation of roughly EUR 800 million in wind supply-chain investment EU-wide. Global Trade Alert separately logs the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending-support intervention (state act 96017 / intervention 151940).

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 270 million unfunded partial-delegation risk-sharing guarantee operation with HSBC Continental Europe on 18 December 2025 (EIB project ref. 20240190, "HSBC Pan-EU Wind Package RS Facility"), a bank-level sub-operation under the EIB's broader Pan-EU Wind Power Package Risk Sharing envelope (ref. 20230650, approved 13 December 2023). HSBC will issue counter- guaranteed advance-payment and performance bonds to EU wind-energy equipment manufacturers (turbines, cables, substations, grid interconnectors), against a total project cost of roughly EUR 4,320 million, with the disclosed country allocation split roughly EUR 158.8 million to Germany and EUR 111.2 million to Greece. Global Trade Alert separately logs the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending-support intervention (state act 96018 / intervention 151942).

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 100 million multi-beneficiary intermediated loan with Piraeus Bank SA on 18 December 2025 under the "Piraeus Bank L4SMEs Security & Defence" project (EIB ref. 20250612, approved 12 November 2025). At least 50% of the on-lent amount must go to SMEs and mid-caps active in Greece's security and defence sector, addressing constrained access to finance these firms face due to sector-specific sensitivities and dual-use classification. The EIB describes it as its first-ever financing in Greece dedicated to the security and defence sector, part of a wider Pan-EU Security & Defence Lending Envelope; Global Trade Alert separately logged the transaction (reporting the headline amount as EUR 200 million) as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending-support intervention.

The European Investment Bank and European Investment Fund (together, EIB Group) signed a EUR 197 million financial guarantee with Coop Pank on 16 December 2025, protecting the senior (EUR 171 million) and mezzanine (EUR 26 million) tranches of a EUR 200 million synthetic securitisation of Coop Pank's SME and mid-cap loan portfolio. The capital relief lets Coop Pank originate up to EUR 249 million in new loans and leases to Estonian SMEs and mid-caps through end-2028, with at least EUR 49 million earmarked for gender-equality lending and at least EUR 17 million for climate action/environmental sustainability. It is Coop Pank's first synthetic securitisation and the first such structure in the Baltics based entirely on a single-country loan portfolio. Global Trade Alert separately logs the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending-support intervention.

The European Investment Bank Group (EIB and EIF) and Banco Sabadell announced on 16 December 2025 a package unlocking EUR 1.8 billion in financing for Spanish SMEs and mid-caps, structured through a mortgage bond (EUR 500 million EIB) and a securitisation transaction (EUR 270 million EIB plus EUR 52.5 million EIF in the senior tranche). The EIF-guaranteed tranche includes a green-loan component exceeding EUR 52 million. Within the mortgage bond, up to EUR 180 million is earmarked for flood-reconstruction and preventive-resilience financing and up to EUR 138 million for agricultural-sector modernisation (irrigation associations, infrastructure). Global Trade Alert separately logs the EIF's EUR 52.2 million contribution as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending-support intervention.

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 200 million multi-beneficiary intermediated loan (guarantee) with IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG on 15 December 2025, under the "IKB Loan for Midcaps MBIL" operation. The facility backs a total lending volume of roughly EUR 400 million to German mid-sized and large corporates, with a 30% Climate Action and Environmental Sustainability window earmarked for renewable energy (primarily solar PV and onshore wind) and energy-efficiency investments in industry. Per the EIB project record, the signed allocation splits EUR 48.6 million to energy, EUR 11.4 million to industry/construction, and EUR 140 million to general credit lines. Global Trade Alert separately logs the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending-support intervention.

On 11 December 2025 the Council of the EU presidency, the European Parliament, and the European Commission reached provisional political (trilogue) agreement on the revision of Regulation (EU) 2019/452 establishing a framework for the screening of foreign direct investments into the Union, concluding interinstitutional negotiations on the Commission's proposal of 24 January 2024. The revised regime upgrades the 2019 cooperation-mechanism-only framework into a hybrid harmonised/mandatory regime: all 27 Member States must establish FDI screening mechanisms (replacing the current patchwork in which some Member States have no mechanism at all); mandatory minimum sectoral scope is set EU-wide and covers dual-use items, military equipment, hyper-critical technologies (general-purpose AI with space/defence relevance, quantum technologies, semiconductors), critical raw materials, critical entities in energy/transport/digital infrastructure, electoral infrastructure, and certain financial-system entities; foreign investments routed through EU subsidiaries fall within the perimeter; a shared database prevents Member-State arbitrage; and an optional single electronic-filing portal becomes available if requested by at least nine Member States. Screening decisions remain the exclusive responsibility of the Member State in which the investment is made. Once the Regulation enters into force (after Council and Parliament formal adoption and OJ publication, both pending as of the political-agreement date), the new rules will apply after an 18-month transition period — implementation expected toward the end of 2027.

The European Investment Bank signed a strategic agreement with Crédit Agricole CIB on 28 November 2025 under which the EIB provides a EUR 500 million counter-guarantee, enabling Crédit Agricole CIB to build a portfolio of bank guarantees worth up to EUR 1 billion for clients supplying new European wind farm projects. The EIB cites an expected leverage of up to EUR 8 billion in real-economy investment across the wind supply chain and electricity grid by 2027, backed by InvestEU and forming part of the EIB's broader EUR 6.5 billion Pan-EU Wind Power Package. Global Trade Alert separately logs the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-linked lending-support intervention (state act 95159).

The European Commission approved a Latvian state aid scheme (Case SA.114557) worth approximately €70 million on 28 November 2025 to support investments by companies active in primary agricultural production. The scheme funds new installations, viable business-development projects, and innovation aimed at making Latvian farms and agricultural enterprises more resilient and sustainable, and is scheduled to run through the end of 2026. Global Trade Alert logged the measure as a state loan instrument covering cereals, vegetables, and fruit-and-nuts producers.

The European Investment Fund (EIF), part of the EIB Group, pledged EUR 70 million (~USD 75.8 million) on 25 November 2025 to Alantra's Klima Energy Fund II ("Klima2"), a growth-equity fund targeting roughly twelve fast-growing European companies in clean energy generation, grid and storage infrastructure, energy efficiency and sustainable transport, via EUR 10-30 million tickets. The investment is framed as supporting the EIB Group's TechEU initiative and the REPowerEU plan to accelerate the EU's clean-energy transition and reduce fossil-fuel import dependence. Global Trade Alert separately logs the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-linked financial investment-support intervention.

The European Investment Fund (EIF), part of the EIB Group, invested EUR 20 million (~USD 23.1 million) on 6 November 2025 in TIN Capital's European Cyber Tech Fund V, a growth-equity vehicle backing European cybersecurity scale-ups. EIF's participation is supported under the European Commission's InvestEU programme; alongside Invest-NL and private investors, the fund closed at over EUR 80 million. The EIF frames the investment as strengthening Europe's digital security and autonomy amid incoming EU cybersecurity regulation (NIS2, the Cybersecurity Act, DORA). Global Trade Alert separately logs the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-linked financial investment-support intervention.

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 100 million (SEK 1.1 billion) loan agreement with Holmen, a Swedish forest-industry group, to finance the expansion of the company's onshore wind generation capacity in northern Sweden's electricity price regions. The financing, signed 30 October 2025 and announced via EIB press release on 3 November 2025, supports the European Commission's RePowerEU initiative and is intended to strengthen energy-intensive industry supply and Europe's clean-power resilience. Global Trade Alert logged the loan as a state-loan intervention on 30 October 2025.

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 500 million (USD 576.75 million) green loan with Iberdrola on 3 November 2025 to finance the Windanker offshore wind farm, a 315 MW project under construction in the German Baltic Sea using 21 Siemens Gamesa SG 14-236 DD turbines. The financing is guaranteed by Spain's export credit agency Cesce under the inaugural use of a joint EIB-Cesce guarantee instrument supporting green projects led by Spanish companies outside Spain. Global Trade Alert logs the loan as a "red" state-loan intervention on the grounds that below-market EIB financing to a named commercial developer, backed by a national export credit agency, is a trade- and competition-distorting subsidy.

The European Investment Bank signed a EUR 400 million (USD 469 million) intermediated framework loan with Norddeutsche Landesbank (NordLB) on 30 September 2025, under the "NordLB Renewable Energy 2" operation. NordLB on-lends the EIB funds at long-term, below-market financing conditions to eligible renewable-energy projects — mainly photovoltaic, onshore wind and battery storage — located predominantly in Germany and other EU countries, with the intermediated structure designed to extend financing to smaller projects that would not otherwise access direct EIB funding. Global Trade Alert separately logs the transaction as a "red"-flagged state-loan intervention.

The European Investment Bank, the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Trade and Business, and Endesa SA agreed a EUR 650 million financing package on 29 September 2025 to modernise, digitalise and reinforce Endesa's electricity distribution network across six Spanish autonomous communities during 2025-2027. The package comprises a EUR 500 million loan channelling NextGenerationEU Recovery Plan funds through Spain's Autonomous Resilience Fund (FRA), plus a EUR 150 million EIB own-funds loan representing the first tranche of a EUR 500 million facility already approved by the Bank. Financing covers smart meters, advanced transformers, grid digitalisation software, new substations and underground cabling, with over half the investment targeted at economically disadvantaged regions.

The European Commission's Horizon Europe programme is co-funding "ATLANTIC" (Advancing Technological Leap in the Area of floating offshore wind turbines Needed for a Transition to Innovative Clusters of green energy), a HORIZON-CL5-2024-D3-02 Innovation Action coordinated by VALOREM SAS (France) with a 13-entity, 6-country consortium. Total EU contribution is EUR 14,999,582.38 against a total project cost of EUR 20,131,184.75, running 1 October 2025 to 30 September 2029. Brest-based SME Eolink is the largest individual beneficiary, receiving EUR 9,599,415 in net EU contribution (EUR 13,713,450 total eligible cost) as the primary technology developer of the 5 MW pyramidal floating wind unit to be demonstrated at the SEM-REV test site off Le Croisic, France. Global Trade Alert logs the grant as a "red" state-act intervention (financial grant) on competitive-distortion grounds.

The European Commission adopted Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/1901 on 22 September 2025, imposing definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of glyoxylic acid (CAS 298-12-4, purity ≥95%, CN code ex 2918 30 00, TARIC 2918300013) originating in China for five years. Duty rates are differentiated by exporter: Hubei Hongyuan 29.2%, Xinjiang Guolin 130.0%, other cooperating producers 64.0%, and all non-cooperating Chinese imports 210.5%. The regulation definitively collects provisional duties previously imposed under Regulation (EU) 2025/591 (up to 280.3% provisional rates) from 24 March 2025.

The European Commission adopted Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/1890 on 18 September 2025, imposing a definitive five-year anti-dumping duty on imports of threaded tube or pipe cast fittings of malleable cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron (CN code ex 7307 19 10) originating in China and Thailand, following an expiry review under Article 11(2) of the Basic AD Regulation (EU) 2016/1036. Dumping margins are 65% for China and 70% for Thailand; for China, normal value was constructed under Article 2(6a) using Thailand as a representative country due to significant market distortions. The measure extends and renews the original anti-dumping duty in force since 2013, confirming continued risk of injury recurrence to EU producers of plumbing and HVAC fittings.

The European Commission adopted Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1045 of 12 May 2026, imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of certain alkyl phosphonic acids and their sodium salts originating in the People's Republic of China — specifically 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4- tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) and its sodium salt (Tetrasodium hydrogen 2-phosphonatobutane-1,2,4- tricarboxylate, PBTC-Na4), in solid form or aqueous solution, falling under CN code 2931 49 80. Provisional duties range from 182.9% to 219.4% depending on the exporting producer. The measure entered into force on 14 May 2026, the day after publication in the Official Journal, and follows an investigation initiated on 18 September 2025 pursuant to a complaint lodged on 7 August 2025 by LANXESS Deutschland GmbH. PBTC is a scale-inhibitor/chelating agent used in industrial water treatment, oilfield services and detergent formulation.